🛡️ Survivaliste.ai
16/04/2026 — Veille Stratégique Quotidienne
🔴 NIVEAU ROUGE — DANGER IMMÉDIAT
📋 Résumé du jour
- 🔴 [Géopolitique & Sécurité] Guerre au Moyen-Orient : fermeture du détroit d'Ormuz et dommages aux infrastructures pétrolières
- 🔴 [Géopolitique & Sécurité] Guerre Russie-Ukraine : intensification des attaques sur les infrastructures
- 🔴 [Géopolitique & Sécurité] Countries Currently at War 2026
- 🔴 [Géopolitique & Sécurité] Geopolitical Risk Dashboard | BlackRock Investment Institute
- 🔴 [Géopolitique & Sécurité] On The Brink: The Risks Of U.S. Military Escalation In Iran – The Organization for World Peace
Géopolitique & Sécurité
RED
🔴 Guerre au Moyen-Orient : fermeture du détroit d'Ormuz et dommages aux infrastructures pétrolières
Le FMI avertit que la guerre au Moyen-Orient menace l'économie mondiale. La fermeture du détroit d'Ormuz et les dommages aux installations pétrolières font craindre une crise énergétique majeure. La croissance mondiale est réduite à 3,1% en 2026.
🔴 Guerre Russie-Ukraine : intensification des attaques sur les infrastructures
La guerre Russie-Ukraine entre dans sa 4e année avec une intensification des attaques sur les infrastructures civiles et militaires. L'Ukraine reste sur la défensive après avoir perdu son emprise sur la région de Koursk au printemps.
🔴 Countries Currently at War 2026
The war in Afghanistan has been on and off since 1978. The most recent phase began in 2001 and has primarily revolved around U.S. and U.N. forces and allied Afghan troops fighting Taliban insurgents. According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), there were 30,936 confirmed fatalities in 2020 alone. The US/UN withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021 signaled that particular conflict, but the Taliban immediately retook control of the country and war between the Taliban and other factions, including ISIL-K, which bombed the airport in Kabul during U.S. evacuations, continues. The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) estimates that Afghanistan has experienced more than 2,700 casualties in 2022. Conflict-related fatalities in 2025 are extremely difficult to [...] ### Palestinian Territories (Gaza / West Bank)
Type: Interstate Conflict (Israel–Gaza War)
2024-25 casualties (estimate): 21,417
The conflict between Israel and Palestinian factions, which sharply escalated in October 2023, continues to devastate the Gaza Strip and parts of the West Bank. According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), an estimated 21,417 people were killed between August 2024 and August 2025, making it one of the deadliest conflicts in the world. Fighting, bombardments, and humanitarian blockades have left tens of thousands more injured and displaced, while widespread damage to hospitals, schools, and infrastructure has led the United Nations to label Gaza’s humanitarian situation as catastrophic.
### Russia [also involved: Ukraine] [...] ### Sudan
Type: Civil War
2024-25 casualties (ACLED estimate): 20,373
Sudan’s war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which began in April 2023, has become one of the world’s deadliest conflicts. According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), an estimated 20,373 people were killed between August 2024 and August 2025, with many more deaths likely unreported. The fighting has devastated cities such as Khartoum and El Fasher, displaced over 12 million people, and triggered famine conditions amid attacks on hospitals and aid convoys. The United Nations Security Council has condemned widespread atrocities, including mass killings and sexual violence, as Sudan’s civil war enters its third year.
🔴 Geopolitical Risk Dashboard | BlackRock Investment Institute
| U.S.-China strategic competition | Tensions escalate meaningfully over economic or security disputes. | Medium | The Trump administration remains determined to maintain a commercially focused détente with China following the October meeting between President Trump and President Xi Jinping in South Korea and a follow-up call in early February. The trade truce buys time for each side to focus on domestic concerns and manage strategic vulnerabilities in areas like critical minerals and advanced semiconductor supply chains. For now, the détente is holding – but it is narrow, fragile and subject to disruption across a range of issues, particularly defense and security. We expect this period of relative stability to persist this year, with a series of potential leader-level engagements [...] | Western Hemisphere tensions | The U.S. pursues a more muscular, interventionist approach to achieving regional objectives, using a range of coercive economic and military tools. | High | We introduce a Western Hemisphere tensions risk to reflect a decisive reorientation of U.S. security priorities towards the region following the January U.S. operation to capture Venezuela’s President Nicolás Maduro and seize control of Venezuela's oil market, along with the largest military buildup in the Caribbean since the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Several reinforcing dynamics drive this shift, including a domestic policy confluence of immigration and counternarcotics; resource nationalism; and a strategic effort to reassert U.S. dominance in the hemisphere, consistent with a revived [...] | North Korea conflict | North Korea pushes ahead with its nuclear buildup and takes provocative actions such as missile launches. | Medium | North Korea has taken a series of escalatory actions that heighten risks in and beyond the Indo-Pacific: renouncing peaceful reunification with South Korea, accelerating its nuclear weapons program and deploying troops and munitions to support Russia’s war in Ukraine. Pyongyang has ramped up its missile program since the start of the year, launching multiple short-range ballistic missiles in January and testing advanced hypersonic weapons. Trump and South Korean President Lee Jae Myung share a desire to ease tensions with Pyongyang and engage North Korea Leader Kim Jong-un through personal diplomacy. Yet compared with Trump’s first term,
🔴 On The Brink: The Risks Of U.S. Military Escalation In Iran – The Organization for World Peace
regime change in Iran through military force. However, the administration’s recent use of military force in Iran in an attempt to destroy its nuclear program and the largest buildup of naval and air assets in the region since the U.S.’s 2003 invasion of Iraq suggest that an air campaign is imminent. [...] Using military action against Iran opens the door to a wider regional conflict. In the aforementioned article, Azodi also notes that Iran sees this conflict as a continuation of the 12-Day War in June of 2025. As a result, Iran’s defence of a U.S. air campaign would likely involve ballistic missile and drone attacks on Israel as well as U.S. forces stationed around the Middle East. Former Iranian defence minister Shamkhani stated that “a limited strike [on Iran] is an illusion,” that any military action would be treated as full-scale war and would be ample justification to attack the U.S. and Israel alike. In response, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu promised an “unimaginable response” in the event of an Iranian attack on Israeli territory. It’s also important to consider the remnants of [...] across the nation, Senator Jack Read of Rhode Island stated, “Before any military action is considered, President Trump must come before the American people, explain why any conflict would be necessary, be honest about the risks and costs and present a clear strategy with a defined endgame.” With this low-cost acceptability threshold in the U.S., Iran would likely be able to de-escalate any direct conflict relatively quickly.
🔴 Conflict escalation - Wikipedia
Conflict escalation has a tactical role in military conflict and is often formalized with explicit rules of engagement. Highly-successful military tactics exploit a particular form of conflict escalation such as by controlling an opponent's reaction time, which allows the tactician to pursue or trap his opponent. Both Napoleon Bonaparte and Heinz Guderian advocated that approach. Sun Tzu elaborated it in a more abstract form and maintained that military strategy was about minimizing escalation and diplomacy was about eliminating it.
## Continuum of force
[edit]
Main article: Use of force continuum
The United States Marine Corps' "Continuum of Force" (found in MCRP 3-02B)[clarification needed] documents the stages of conflict escalation in combat for a typical subject: [...] While the word escalation was used as early as in 1938, it was popularized during the Cold War by two important books: On Escalation (Herman Kahn, 1965) and Escalation and the Nuclear Option (Bernard Brodie "Bernard Brodie (military strategist)"), 1966). In those contexts, it especially referred to war between two major states with weapons of mass destruction during the Cold War. [...] Conflict escalation is the process by which conflicts grow in severity or scale over time. That may refer to conflicts between individuals or groups in interpersonal relationships, or it may refer to the escalation of hostilities in a political or military context. In systems theory, the process of conflict escalation is modeled by positive feedback. Conflict escalation can be modeled with game theory. In contrast, de-escalation are approaches which lead to a decrease or end of a conflict "Conflict (process)").
🔴 Escalation: A Tool to Be Considered, Not Dismissed | The Heritage Foundation
Two examples of players avoiding escalation and exhibiting restraint come to mind. In one exercise, senior military officers—almost all general officers or flag officers—emulated a national security council advising the Blue president in the face of Red aggression against a non-treaty partner. When Red employed a limited number of low-yield nuclear weapons against the Blue partner, the players decided neither to escalate the level of violence nor expand the conflict—nor did they choose to respond in kind, for fear of being perceived as too escalatory. Consequently, the Blue players showed restraint by continuing to support fighting Red with conventional forces. Put another way, Red paid no cost for its nuclear employment. Two moves—and 41 Red nuclear detonations on the non-treaty partner [...] Far too often, however, the authors have seen military officers in the midst of simulations in which they are losing a conflict with a revisionist adversary prematurely offer off-ramps—very often with disastrous “in-game” consequences.
Conclusion
Our nation’s military officers and civilian policymakers must understand escalation dynamics. They must think deeply and critically about risk acceptance—and how avoiding operational risk and showing “restraint” may put the United States at greater strategic risk. They must understand that escalation can be a tool—useful at times, dangerous at others—within a larger toolkit, not one to be dismissed out of hand. [...] Crises and conflicts, especially between great powers, are ultimately issues of stake and resolve, and become competitions in risk taking.
Our nation’s military officers and civilian policymakers must understand escalation dynamics.
In recent years, it has become nearly gospel that “escalation” during an acute crisis or conflict is inherently a bad thing. Indeed, “escalatory” has become a synonym for “bad” or “dangerous” or “undesirable.” As a result, many of our national security professionals and uniformed officers nearly reflexively dismiss taking actions or postures that could be considered “escalatory” or “provocative” in both real-world and simulated crisis or conflict.
🟠 Soudan : atrocités de masse à El Fasher par les Forces de Soutien Rapide
Les Forces de Soutien Rapide (RSF) ont lancé une tuerie à El Fasher après la prise de la ville. La guerre civile au Soudan, débutée en avril 2023, reste largement ignorée par la communauté internationale malgré son ampleur catastrophique.
🟠 Tensions Éthiopie-Érythrée : risque de guerre dans la Corne de l'Afrique
L'Éthiopie et l'Érythrée pourraient basculer vers un conflit ouvert. Addis-Abeba accuse Asmara d'armer des milices anti-gouvernementales, tandis que l'Érythrée craint une tentative de reconquête de ses ports.
🟠 Conflict Index | ACLED
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Conflict Index dashboard
## Conflict Watchlist 2026
ACLED’s annual Conflict Watchlist highlights 10 countries and regions projected to face armed conflict, political unrest, and humanitarian emergencies in 2026.
ACLED’s conflict data shed light on how governments and armed groups are changing the global political landscape.
11 December 2025
Explore further
What’s driving conflict today? A review of global trends
## Previous releases
The Conflict Index was first launched in January 2023, and updated with an amended methodology in July 2023. See previous editions below
Palestine, Myanmar, Syria, and Mexico hold the highest positions in the Index.
Editorial photo of destruction and a man walking with a bicycle in Gaza [...] The wars in Ukraine and Palestine continued to drive the level of violence, contributing over 40% of conflict events in the past 12 months. The civil wars in Myanmar and Sudan continued at high levels, and gang violence continued to drive conflict: Brazil, Ecuador, Haiti, and Mexico rank among the top 10 countries with the most severe violence in the world. Fighting in Syria continued despite the fall of Bashar al-Assad, and Nigeria saw no respite from its complex patchwork of regional conflicts. In Pakistan, worsening Islamist and separatist insurgencies in the country’s peripheries — exacerbated by at times explosive relations with its neighbors — resulted in further deterioration of an already fraught security environment.
## How has conflict changed? [...] Myanmar, Mexico, Brazil, and Nigeria remained consistently high across all four Index indicators. Notably, gang violence in Ecuador and Haiti led to a rise in their rankings. Ecuador rose to no. 6 as it had over 50 armed groups actively engaging in violence in the past 12 months, including nearly 40 gangs. Over half of these gangs were involved in the more than 2,500 events targeting civilians. In Haiti, a near-doubling of fatalities and an increase in events targeting civilians led to a rise in ranking, from no. 11 in 2024 to no. 8 this year.
### How does each country rank?
Click on the columns to sort the table by each value.
map visualization
Use our interactive dashboard to access additional tools, resources, and data downloads relating to the Conflict Index.
Explore further
🟠 Conflict | Today's latest from Al Jazeera
## Russian attacks on Ukraine kill 16 people, including a child
Firefighters work to put out a huge fire.
## Guterres urges end to arms flow as Sudan war enters fourth year
![Sudanese soldiers from the Rapid Support Forces unit, led by Gen. Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo, the deputy head of the military council, secure the area where Dagalo attends a military-backed tribe's rally, in the East Nile province, Sudan, on June 22, 2019. [Hussein Malla/AP Photo]](/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/AP24178613392307_cropped-1776282732.jpg?resize=770%2C513&quality=80)
## Content Feed
## Pope Leo visits Cameroon with message of peace amid attacks from Trump
US President Donald Trump has lashed out at pope over calls for peace and criticism of US war on Iran. [...] INTERACTIVE - SUDAN POSTER-1776232504
## US military says blockade of Iran ports ‘completely’ halts economic trade
US Central Command say more than 10,000 armed forces members, as well as warships and planes, are involved in blockade.
FILE PHOTO: Two F/A-18 Super Hornets launch from the flight deck of the U.S. Navy Nimitz-class aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln in support of the Operation Epic Fury attack on Iran from an undisclosed location March 3, 2026. U.S. Navy/Handout via REUTERS THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY/File Photo
## How US blockade on Iran will worsen energy crisis
With the US military blockade of Iranian ports now in force, global energy markets are already reacting.
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Follow Al Jazeera English: [...] # Conflict
## 10-day Lebanon-Israel ceasefire announced by Trump
Israel and Lebanon have agreed to a 10-day ceasefire starting at 21:00 GMT on Thursday, said US President Donald Trump.
![A firefighter uses an hose at an impact site, in Kiryat Shmona, Israel on April 16, 2026. [Florion Goga/Reuters]](/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/image-1776360869.jpg?resize=770%2C513&quality=80)
## No date set for US-Iran talks, as Pakistan pushes to keep diplomacy alive
Iran photo
## US strike on Pacific vessel kills three
🟠 How are geopolitical risks affecting the world economy?
Taken together and mutually reinforcing each other, the global economy can experience higher inflation, lower growth and significant welfare losses in times of geopolitical tension (Góes and Bekkers, 2022).
The term geopolitics is also used in the context of internal political affairs, which can influence domestic and global financial markets. In this sense, governments can influence economic activity through various fiscal policies (taxes and spending), and economic and strategic decisions based on different priorities, depending on their political orientation. [...] Experts have identified the elections in the United States (amid increasing polarisation and declining trust in the country’s political system); a possible escalation of the Israel-Hamas conflict into a wider conflagration in the Middle East; and a further deepening of the Russia-Ukraine war as top of the list (Bremmer and Kupchan, 2024).
In relation to the crisis in the Middle East, a central-case scenario of a limited military conflict has been suggested (Bremmer and Kupchan, 2024).
But the likelihood of a larger regional war has increased due to the Houthi attacks on ships in the Red Sea. In addition, although less likely, there is a risk that the regional war could result in actions against or by Iran that could significantly disrupt Iranian and global oil supplies. [...] In addition, some studies show that economic recessions cause political landscapes to reshuffle (Giuliani and Massari, 2019). They can also pave the way for populist and non-mainstream political parties (Hernández and Kriesi, 2016).
### How can we measure geopolitical risks and what does this tell us?
Measuring geopolitical risks is an important but arduous task. One method is the geopolitical risk index (GPR), which is constructed using the frequency of articles in leading newspapers that discuss adverse geopolitical events such as wars, terrorism and tensions among political organisations (Caldara and Iacoviello, 2022).
🟠 . Global Affairs and Strategic Studies. Facultad de Derecho
▲ Ahmad Bin Ali Stadium, one of the premises for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar
ARTICLE / Isabelle León
The diplomatic crisis in Qatar is mainly a political conflict that has shown how far a country can go to retain leadership in the regional balance of power, as well as how a country can find alternatives to grow regardless of the blockade of neighbors and former trading partners. In 2017, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Bahrain broke diplomatic ties with Qatar and imposed a blockade on land, sea, and air. [...] Logotipo Universidad de Navarra
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### Qatar diplomatic crisis: a political conflict toward regional dominance
Behind the tension between Qatar and its neighbors is the Qatari ambitious foreign policy and its refusal to obey [...] Donald Trump’s administration recently reiterated its cooperation and involvement in the process to end Qatar's diplomatic crisis. Indeed, US National Security Adviser Robert O’Brien stated that the US hopes in the next two months there would be an air bridge that will allow the commercial mobilization of citizens. The current scenario might be optimistic, but still, everything has remained in statements as no real actions have been taken. This participation is within the US strategic interest because the end of this rift can signify a victorious situation to the US aggressive foreign policy toward Iran and its desire to isolate the country. This situation remains a priority in Trump’s last days in office. Notwithstanding, as the transition for the administration of Joe Biden begins, it
🟠 Crisis diplomacy - Diplo
Overall, crisis diplomacy is an important aspect of international relations and plays a critical role in managing and resolving international crises. By promoting dialogue, cooperation, and compromise, crisis diplomacy can help prevent conflicts and foster peaceful and stable relations among countries. [...] In some cases, crisis diplomacy may involve a combination of diplomatic and military efforts, such as in the case of peacekeeping operations or military interventions to prevent or stop armed conflicts. However, the use of force is typically considered a last resort and is only employed when all diplomatic efforts have failed or when there is an imminent threat to international security.
Crisis diplomacy requires strong leadership, strategic thinking, and effective communication among participating countries and international organisations. It also requires a willingness to compromise and to work towards common goals, even in the midst of intense conflict or crisis. [...] DiploNews – Issue 528 – 1 December 2025
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# Crisis diplomacy
### See also
Crisis diplomacy refers to the diplomatic efforts and strategies employed by countries to manage and resolve international crises. These crises can take many forms, such as armed conflicts, natural disasters, economic crises, and public health emergencies. Diplomatic efforts may include negotiation, mediation, and peacekeeping operations. Diplomatic channels may also be used to coordinate humanitarian aid and support efforts to address the immediate needs of affected populations.
🟠 Qatar diplomatic crisis
The Qatar diplomatic crisis was a high-profile deterioration of relations between Qatar and the Arab League between 2017 and 2021. It began when Saudi Arabia,
🟠 Understanding Qatar's Diplomatic Crisis | Council on Foreign Relations
# Understanding Qatar’s Diplomatic Crisis
<p>A girl holds a picture depicting Qatar’s Emir Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al-Thani during a demonstration in support of him in Doha, Qatar June 11, 2017.</p>
Event date
Experts discuss the breakdown in diplomatic ties between Qatar and neighboring Arab states, consequences for relations across the Middle East, and implications for U.S. foreign policy in the region.
MCMAHON: Well, good morning, everyone, and welcome to this Council on Foreign Relations on-the-record conference call on the crisis in Qatar. I am Robert McMahon, managing editor of CFR.org, and I’m going to be presiding over this call. [...] It is being called the most serious crisis among Gulf States in decades. Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and a number of other states are accusing Qatar of supporting terrorist forcers and cozying up to Iran, among other things. They have launched an air and sea blockade, expelled citizens from their countries. And longtime watchers of the region are concerned this could grow much more serious, with very major consequences for the United States as well as the region.
We’ve assembled a staff panel of CFR senior fellows to help examine what is happening and possible solutions.
First, Steven Cook is an expert on Arab and Turkish politics, as well as U.S. Middle East Policy. He’s also author of the just-published “False Dawn: Protest, Democracy, and Violence in the Middle East.” [...] But at any rate, I do think if you kind of think about this crisis in a long span of the Middle East crisis—I mean, in the ’50s, ’60s, ‘70s, ’80s, ’90s and so on—I suspect at some point there’ll be some effort toward mediation and some compromise by both sides. This is the way squabbles are usually settled. This to me seems to be a more pronounced crisis, and more acute in all its dimensions, but I’m not sure it’s really susceptible to that traditional Arab diplomacy. This is not the first time two Arab countries have had a spat. As Steven knows, in the past there have been mergers between countries, divorces between countries. So I suspect at some point you may see a great degree of mediation effort. And that mediation effort may not solve the crisis, but in some cases it may mitigate
🟠 [PDF] A Vocabulary of Escalation - RAND
Are the Operational Effects or Strategic Meaning of a Novel Capability Mutually Understood? The literature on escalation also offers insight for planners incorporating novel or diverse military capa-bilities from different domains. The lack of shared understanding about emerging capabilities increases the risk that novel activities will lead to unintended escalation, especially when they represent an asym-metrical, cross-domain response. Escalation is commonly conceptualized as a ladder, with specific actions assigned to different rungs and arranged in ascending order of intensity. Depending on the actions it takes, the United States can, theoretically, control how far and how quickly it climbs or descends. To do so, however, it must be able to perceive the placement of specific rungs—and [...] Escalation often changes the balance between friendly and adversary forces. The United States may have advantages or disadvantages relative to adversaries in particular regions or types of confrontations—such as in peacetime competition in the South China Sea or cyber activities—but the bal-ance between the United States and adversaries will shift as the intensity of activity rises to crisis or con-flict. Military interactions are inherently unpredict-able, and it is impossible for decisionmakers to know with certainty how forces will perform at different intensities of competition or conflict.8 However, when one party is believed to have an advantage at a higher intensity of conflict—escalation dominance— the other party is likely to have a strong disincentive to pursue more-escalatory [...] to have a strong disincentive to pursue more-escalatory activities. The ultimate authority to determine if and how the U.S. military will escalate lies with the President and, when ordered by the President, the Secretary of Defense. As detailed in Title 10 of the U.S. Code, the chain of command then runs from the Secretary of Defense to the commander of a combatant com-mand; orders are transmitted through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS).9 However, con-siderations about escalation are not limited to these senior-most officials. Subordinate commanders may also on occasion be delegated responsibility for deci-sions about when or how to respond to an adversary’s actions in crisis. Furthermore, the military person-nel who make up the Joint Chiefs of Staff, combatant
🟠 A Vocabulary of Escalation: A Primer on the Escalation Literature for Military Planners | RAND
Cover: A Vocabulary of Escalation
Escalation is an important consideration in U.S. military activities, but U.S. Army and joint planning doctrine and manuals do not provide focused guidance on how to account for escalation risks across the competition-conflict spectrum. The academic literature on escalation does offer useful frameworks, and many of the concepts are applicable to concrete military problems at the tactical and operational levels. This report contains insights from four prominent academic schools of thought on the actions, attributes, and dilemmas that characterize escalation and deescalation processes and provides military planners and staff officers a vocabulary to describe the benefits, costs, and risks of potential military options.
## Key Findings [...] RAND
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Escalation is an important consideration in U.S. military activities, but U.S. Army doctrine and manuals do not provide focused guidance on escalation risks across the competition-conflict spectrum. This report contains insights from four prominent academic schools of thought on the actions, attributes, and dilemmas that characterize escalation and provides staff officers a vocabulary to describe potential options.
# A Vocabulary of Escalation
A Primer on the Escalation Literature for Military Planners [...] Andrew Radin, Alyssa Demus, Alexandra T. Evans
ResearchPublished Oct 17, 2024
Cover: A Vocabulary of Escalation
🟡 Détroit de Taïwan : risque de crise maintenu malgré accalmie diplomatique
Le CFR évalue à 50% la probabilité d'une crise dans le détroit de Taïwan en 2026, classée à haut impact pour son potentiel à entraîner les États-Unis dans un conflit militaire direct avec la Chine.
🟡 WAR WATCH - World Assessment and Tracking of Civilian Harm
Not all civilian harm occurring in armed conflict amounts to a violation of international humanitarian law. Monitoring civilian harm and assessing its compliance with international humanitarian law provides a basis for accountability, drives international pressure to uphold the law, and ensures that the human cost of war cannot be ignored. [...] A trusted resource to classify armed conflicts and monitor civilian harm. We combine legal expertise and verified data to drive awareness and accountability
## Why Classifying Armed Conflicts?
Classification determines which rules of international humanitarian law (namely the body of international law that governs warfare) apply, what protections civilians have, and what type of war crimes can be committed. Without it, there is uncertainty on the applicable international legal framework, with consequences in terms of legal accountability and humanitarian access.
## Why Assessing IHL Compliance in Relation to Civilian Harm?
🟡 Global Conflict Tracker | CFR Interactives
Conflict Status: Worsening
Countries Affected: YE
### Conflict Between India and Pakistan
Region: Asia
Type of Conflict: Interstate
Impact on US Interests: Significant
Conflict Status: Unchanging
Countries Affected: IN, PK
### Civil Conflict in Libya
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Type of Conflict: Civil War
Impact on US Interests: Limited
Conflict Status: Unchanging
Countries Affected: LY
### Conflict With Al-Shabaab in Somalia
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Type of Conflict: Transnational Terrorism
Impact on US Interests: Limited
Conflict Status: Unchanging
Countries Affected: SO
### Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Type of Conflict: Territorial Dispute
Impact on US Interests: Significant
Conflict Status: Unchanging [...] Conflict Status: Unchanging
Countries Affected: IL, PS
### Criminal Violence in Mexico
Region: Americas
Type of Conflict: Criminal Violence
Impact on US Interests: Significant
Conflict Status: Worsening
Countries Affected: MX
### Conflict Between Turkey and Armed Kurdish Groups
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Type of Conflict: Territorial Dispute
Impact on US Interests: Limited
Conflict Status: Improving
Countries Affected: IQ, SY, TR
### Instability in Iraq
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Type of Conflict: Political Instability
Impact on US Interests: Limited
Conflict Status: Worsening
Countries Affected: IQ
### Instability in South Sudan
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Type of Conflict: Political Instability
Impact on US Interests: Limited [...] Countries Affected: SV, GT, HN
### Criminal Violence in Haiti
Region: Americas
Type of Conflict: Criminal Violence
Impact on US Interests: Significant
Conflict Status: Worsening
Countries Affected: HT
### Civil War in Sudan
Region: Middle East and North Africa
Type of Conflict: Civil War
Impact on US Interests: Limited
Conflict Status: Worsening
Countries Affected: SD
### Violent Extremism in the Sahel
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Type of Conflict: Transnational Terrorism
Impact on US Interests: Limited
Conflict Status: Worsening
Countries Affected: BF, TD, ML, NE, NG
### Confrontation Over Taiwan
Region: Asia
Type of Conflict: Interstate
Impact on US Interests: Critical
Conflict Status: Worsening
Countries Affected: CN, TW
### Conflict in Ethiopia
🟡 Geopolitical Tensions: Understanding the Contemporary Landscape | Open Access Journals
Energy Resources: Ukraine serves as a transit country for Russian gas to Europe, making control over energy supplies a strategic priority for Russia.
The implications of this conflict extend beyond the region, influencing European security policies and NATO's strategic posture .
The South China Sea: Rising Tensions in Asia
The South China Sea is another focal point of geopolitical tension, involving territorial disputes among China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other Southeast Asian nations. The region is crucial not only for its shipping lanes but also for its rich natural resources.
Key Factors: [...] #### Conclusion
Geopolitical tensions are a defining feature of the contemporary global landscape, influenced by historical grievances, resource competition, and rising nationalism. Understanding the complexities of these tensions is crucial for addressing the challenges they pose to international stability. As nations navigate this intricate web of relationships, effective diplomacy and multilateral cooperation will be essential in promoting peace and security in an increasingly interconnected world. Addressing the root causes of these tensions can pave the way for more sustainable solutions and a more harmonious international order.
#### References
Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref
Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref
Indexed at, Google Scholar, Crossref [...] #### Introduction
Geopolitical tensions are an inherent aspect of international relations, arising from the competition for power, resources, and influence among nations. These tensions can manifest in various forms, including military confrontations, economic sanctions, and diplomatic standoffs . As globalization deepens and national interests collide, understanding the underlying causes of these tensions becomes essential for addressing global stability.
Key Regions of Geopolitical Tension
Eastern Europe: The Russia-Ukraine Conflict
🟡 How Geopolitical Risks Influence the Global Community
Political risks can arise from a number of issues, including disputes over territory, resources, or ideology. They can also be the result of a country’s foreign policy decisions, which can unintentionally escalate tensions with other nations. In recent years, a number of geopolitical hotspots have emerged around the world. These are regions where the risk of conflict is particularly high and where tensions are constantly simmering below the surface. Some of the most notable hotspots include the South China Sea, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. We’ve analyzed many of these issues and situations at length, and George himself had made successful predictions, such as with the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, which George predicted nearly a decade before Putin sent troops across the
🟡 Top 5 Geopolitical Threats to Businesses in 2025
## Trade Disruption
Escalating tension between nations is threatening the global trade market.While patterns of nearshoring previously dominated discussions, a new trend is emerging. A recent McKinsey report reveals that trade is increasingly less likely to occur between nations with oppositional politics and is more likely to occur between countries with close political alignments, despite geographical distance.
This trend is evident in escalating U.S.-China tensions, with both nations firing off new duties and tariffs in the first month of President Donald Trump’s second term. As the world’s largest economies and trade leaders, these tensions threaten global marketplace stability. [...] Taking both conflict and economic factors into account, SHRM has identified the key geopolitical risks that will have the greatest impact on businesses in 2025, providing valuable insights for leaders navigating an increasingly volatile landscape.
## International Rivalries Escalate
Declining cooperation between the U.S. and China is deepening global divisions, raising concerns about the stability of international partnerships and the global economy.Tensions are rising as the U.S. moves to curb China’s influence over the Panama Canal, asserting that China’s control over the critical trade route breaches a 1977 treaty signed by both nations.As this economic rivalry deepens, the race for technological dominance is also intensifying. [...] ## Conflict- and Economy-Driven Threats Intensify Globally
Destabilizing foreign conflicts, cyber threats, trade disputes, and economic shifts are just a few of the interconnected geopolitical tensions presenting multiplying challenges for businesses. Unpacking these challenges, The Conference Board’s C-Suite Outlook 2025 report categorized top geopolitical risks in two key areas:
Conflict-Related Geopolitical Risks
Image 15: Top conflict-related geopolitical risks from a survey of CEOs
Economy-Related Geopolitical Risks
Image 16: chart of top economy-related geopolitical risks according to survey of CEOs
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🔴 FMI : croissance mondiale réduite à 3,1% — « L'économie mondiale dans l'ombre de la guerre »
Le FMI projette une croissance mondiale de seulement 3,1% en 2026 et une inflation à 4,4%, en forte déviation par rapport à la tendance de désinflation. Dans le scénario adverse, la croissance tomberait à 2,5% avec une inflation à 5,4%.
🔴 Financial Crisis: Definition, Causes, and Examples
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Financial Crisis:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/financial-crisis.asp-FINAL-a3d7c4d528874a1c9f6c1ba07354cff6.png)
Investopedia / Jiaqi Zhou
Definition
A financial crisis is a state of financial instability marked by a severe drop in asset prices and liquidity shortages in financial institutions as well as the inability of businesses and consumers to meet their financial obligations.
## What Is a Financial Crisis? [...] ## What Is a Financial Crisis?
A financial crisis is when financial instruments and assets decrease significantly in value. As a result, businesses have trouble meeting their financial obligations, and financial institutions lack sufficient cash or convertible assets to fund projects and meet immediate needs. Investors lose confidence in the value of their assets and consumers' incomes and assets are compromised, making it difficult for them to pay their debts.
## What Causes a Financial Crisis? [...] ## What Is a Financial Crisis?
A financial crisis happens when the financial system breaks down, usually from the domino effect caused by heightened risk, overborrowing, default, and tighter lending restrictions. It can be painful, very deadly, and feel as though there's no way out—like the economy is going through a major upheaval. Asset prices drop, businesses and consumers can't pay their debts, and financial institutions go through liquidity shortages. A crisis is often associated with a panic or bank run, which is when investors sell off their assets or withdraw cash because they're afraid they'll lose value if they keep it at the bank.
### Key Takeaways
🔴 The Global Financial Crisis | Explainer | Education | RBA
Download the complete Explainer 117KB
The global financial crisis (GFC) refers to the period of extreme stress in global financial markets and banking systems between mid 2007 and early 2009. During the GFC, a downturn in the US housing market was a catalyst for a financial crisis that spread from the United States to the rest of the world through linkages in the global financial system. Many banks around the world incurred large losses and relied on government support to avoid bankruptcy. Millions of people lost their jobs as the major advanced economies experienced their deepest recessions since the Great Depression in the 1930s. Recovery from the crisis was also much slower than past recessions that were not associated with a financial crisis.
## Main Causes of the GFC [...] Financial stresses peaked following the failure of the US financial firm Lehman Brothers in September 2008. Together with the failure or near failure of a range of other financial firms around that time, this triggered a panic in financial markets globally. Investors began pulling their money out of banks and investment funds around the world as they did not know who might be next to fail and how exposed each institution was to subprime and other distressed loans. Consequently, financial markets became dysfunctional as everyone tried to sell at the same time and many institutions wanting new financing could not obtain it. Businesses also became much less willing to invest and households less willing to spend as confidence collapsed. As a result, the United States and some other economies [...] ## Main Causes of the GFC
As for all financial crises, a range of factors explain the GFC and its severity, and people are still debating the relative importance of each factor. Some of the key aspects include:
### 1. Excessive risk-taking in a favourable macroeconomic environment
In the years leading up to the GFC, economic conditions in the United States and other countries were favourable. Economic growth was strong and stable, and rates of inflation, unemployment and interest were relatively low. In this environment, house prices grew strongly.
🔴 2008 financial crisis
In its January 2011 report, the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission (FCIC, a committee of U.S. congressmen) concluded that the financial crisis was avoidable and was caused by:(
"widespread failures in financial regulation and supervision", including the Federal Reserve's failure to stem the tide of toxic assets.
"dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions" including too many financial firms acting recklessly and taking on too much risk.
"a combination of excessive borrowing, risky investments, and lack of transparency" by financial institutions and by households that put the financial system on a collision course with crisis. [...] A major worldwide financial crisis centered in the United States took place in 2008. The causes included excessive speculation on property values by both homeowners and financial institutions, leading to the 2000s United States housing bubble. This was exacerbated by predatory lending for subprime mortgages and by deficiencies in regulation. Cash out refinancings had fueled an increase in consumption that could no longer be sustained when home prices declined. The first phase of the crisis was the subprime mortgage crisis, which began in early 2007, as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) tied to U.S. real estate, and a vast web of derivatives "Derivative (finance)") linked to those MBS, collapsed in value. A liquidity crisis spread to global institutions by mid-2007 and climaxed with the [...] According to Barry Eichengreen, the roots of the financial crisis lay in the deregulation of financial markets.( A 2012 OECD study( suggested that bank regulation based on the Basel accords encouraged unconventional business practices and contributed to or reinforced the financial crisis. In other cases, laws were changed or enforcement weakened in parts of the financial system. Key examples include:
🔴 [PDF] A Visual Guide to Inflation From 2020 Through 2023
February 2022 13.2 9.6 4.8 5.0 Services inflation picks up in the beginning of 2022 while goods inflation continues growing rapidly. In February 2022, goods inflation was already high before the invasion of Ukraine put further upward pressure on food and energy prices. March 2022 14.2 10.5 5.1 5.0 Goods inflation spikes upward after the invasion of Ukraine and later sanctions on Russian oil; consumption continues to moderate. Services inflation continues on an upward trend as consumption of services nears its prepandemic trend and as inflation in shelter services surges. [...] February 2022 6.5 5.6 7.9 6.5 Overall and core inflation are both high. Core inflation shows underlying strength as certain core categories, such as housing services, experience a surge in inflation at the start of 2022. In February 2022, just before the invasion of Ukraine, inflation is elevated. March 2022 6.9 5.5 8.5 6.5 Core inflation remains strong and overall inflation spikes further upward because of surges in food and energy commodity prices in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. June 2022 7.1 5.2 9.0 5.9 Overall measures of inflation peak because of continued upward pressure on oil prices and surging demand in the United States for gasoline and travel.
■Disinflation August 2022 6.5 5.2 8.2 6.3 Overall inflation declines, but core inflation stays elevated. [...] 26 Food Price Inflation During the Inflation Surge Inflation in food prices accelerated rapidly after March 2021. Food price inflation remained high after March 2022 in part because of the rise in grain and energy prices after the invasion of Ukraine.
By July 2022, inflation in the PCE price index for food away from home was 8.1 percent, with inflation in the PCE price index for food at home at 16.0 percent.
27 Gas price = U.S. regular all formulations gasoline price; energy = PCE gasoline and other energy goods and PCE electricity and gas services. Percent change is annualized rate.
Energy Price Inflation During the Inflation Surge After the invasion of Ukraine, several countries embargoed Russian oil imports, causing spikes in energy goods prices in March 2022.
🟠 Prix de l'énergie : hausse de 19% des cours du pétrole, risque de crise énergétique majeure
La fermeture du détroit d'Ormuz provoque une hausse de 19% des prix de l'énergie. Le FMI avertit que cela pourrait devenir « la plus grande crise énergétique des temps modernes » si le conflit se prolonge.
🟠 Commerce mondial en forte décélération : croissance de seulement +0,6%
Le commerce mondial ralentit drastiquement, passant de +2% à +0,6% de croissance. Les tarifs douaniers américains poussent l'incertitude commerciale à des niveaux sans précédent.
🟠 [PDF] FINANCIAL CRISIS - GovInfo
Sarah Zuckerman ix COMMISSION STAFF Wendy Edelberg, Executive Director Gary J. Cohen, General Counsel Chris Seefer, Director of Investigations Greg Feldberg, Director of Research PREFACE The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission was created to “examine the causes of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States.” In this report, the Com-mission presents to the President, the Congress, and the American people the results of its examination and its conclusions as to the causes of the crisis. More than two years after the worst of the financial crisis, our economy, as well as communities and families across the country, continues to experience the after-shocks. Millions of Americans have lost their jobs and their homes, and the economy is still struggling to rebound. This [...] • We conclude this financial crisis was avoidable. The crisis was the result of human action and inaction, not of Mother Nature or computer models gone haywire. The captains of finance and the public stewards of our financial system ignored warnings and failed to question, understand, and manage evolving risks within a system essen-tial to the well-being of the American public. Theirs was a big miss, not a stumble.
While the business cycle cannot be repealed, a crisis of this magnitude need not have occurred. To paraphrase Shakespeare, the fault lies not in the stars, but in us. [...] PREFACE xiii CONCLUSIONS OF THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission has been called upon to examine the finan-cial and economic crisis that has gripped our country and explain its causes to the American people. We are keenly aware of the significance of our charge, given the economic damage that America has suffered in the wake of the greatest financial cri-sis since the Great Depression. Our task was first to determine what happened and how it happened so that we could understand why it happened. Here we present our conclusions. We encourage the American people to join us in making their own assessments based on the evi-dence gathered in our inquiry. If we do not learn from history, we are unlikely to fully recover from it. Some on Wall Street and
🟠 Visualizing the Financial Crisis | Yale School of Management
Yale School of Management logo
### Program on Financial Stability Navigation Menu
# Visualizing the Financial Crisis
## Charts and graphs documenting the financial crisis
The global financial crisis and Great Recession of 2007–2009 constituted the worst shocks to the United States economy in generations. Many books have been and will be written about these seminal events, but the story can also be told graphically, as the charts and graphs below aim to do. [...] No collection of charts, even as extensive as this, can convey all the complexities and details of the crisis and the government's interventions. But the charts presented here capture the essential features of one of the worst episodes in American economic history and the ultimately successful, even if politically unpopular, government response.
We hope that you will take the time to explore all of the charts and encourage you to share them with colleagues, students, and other financial policy professionals. You may download and utilize the charts in your own work, and in some cases, you may explore the underlying data. The charts and data may be used free of charge in accordance with our terms described below.
### Financial Crisis Chart Archive
🟠 A Guide to Supply Chain Disruption | SafetyCulture
|
9min read
## What is Supply Chain Disruption?
Supply chain disruption is an interruption in the flow or production, sales, and distribution of specific goods or services. A systematized supply chain is crucial for maintaining the quality of products from start to finish and ensuring that all resources used are of the best quality.
Supply Chain Disruption
Bottlenecks or any congestion in the production system often result in delays and higher production costs. Supply chain disruption is also one of the many challenges brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic. [...] In relation to the above mentioned industry, theElectronics Industry is also experiencing a supply chain disruption for various reasons 1) there was an increase in demand for semiconductors for the automotive industry; 2) covid-related manufacturing disruptions; 3) logistics/transportation concerns for the supply; and 4) increased demand for electronic gadgets itself.
The infamous2021 Suez Canal obstruction by Ever Given cargo ship is an example of a possible human error in cargo consolidation and disruption. The cargo ship blocked Egypt’s canal for almost 7 days and disrupted global trade, which cost almost $10 billion in losses per day. In response to this, an expansion project for the canal is expected to be completed by July of 2023, according to the Suez Canal Authority. [...] ## Supply Chain Disruption Examples
The unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic affected innumerable industries and disrupted major supply chains globally. Known for its significant economic effects, different industry disruptions were experienced worldwide.
People started working from home and this created a higher demand for electronic gadgets, therefore shifting the demand for semiconductors to consumer electronics which heavily affected theAutomotive Industry . This shortage also recognized the opportunity for expanding chip supply chains, and production need not only heavily rely on a few manufacturing sites that produce the majority of the world’s semiconductors.
🟠 Bank Risk Assessment Template: Transform Your Strategy Today – visbanking.com
often reference specific historical events: the 2008 crisis (global GDP contraction of 0.1%), the COVID-19 pandemic (market drops exceeding 30%), or localized shocks like the 2012 Eurozone crisis. These templates mandate 'failure post-mortems,' analyzing cases like Lehman Brothers (2008 bankruptcy with $639 billion in assets) to identify risk governance gaps. Learn more about bank risk assessment templates here. [...] The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)'s model risk management guidelines emphasize historical data validation. They note that 15–20% of bank models have significant errors without proper backtesting. A risk assessment template might include data-cleaning protocols to address gaps. For example, pre-2008 datasets often lacked subprime mortgage correlations, which skewed risk models. Modern templates now standardize adjustments for 'survivorship bias,' ensuring datasets include failed institutions (e.g., over 500 U.S. bank failures from 2008–2015). Basel III's liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) requirements, calculated using 30-day stress scenarios from historical liquidity crunches, are another template staple. Banks have maintained LCRs of 100%+ since implementation (2019–2025 [...] Credit Risk: Evaluating the likelihood of loan defaults. This includes looking at credit scores, debt-to-income ratios, and collateral.
Market Risk: Analyzing how market fluctuations—like interest rate changes, currency shifts, and stock market volatility—affect the bank's portfolio.
Operational Risk: Examining potential losses from internal processes, human error, system failures, or external events such as natural disasters.
Liquidity Risk: Assessing the bank's capacity to meet short-term obligations without significant losses. This involves forecasting cash flows and maintaining adequate reserves.
### Structuring Assessments for Obvious and Hidden Vulnerabilities
🟡 Risque de crise de la dette : les États-Unis dépassent 1 000 milliards $ de coûts d'intérêt annuels
Les coûts d'intérêt annuels de la dette américaine dépassent 1 000 milliards de dollars, un niveau historique. L'Europe n'est pas épargnée : la France et l'Italie subissent des primes de risque croissantes.
🟡 What caused the U.S. pandemic-era inflation? | Brookings
They find that many forecasters, including those at the Federal Reserve, anticipated that inflationary pressures arising from the large fiscal packages in the U.S. would appear primarily in the labor market, as increased demand for workers put upward pressure on wages and, ultimately, prices. In fact, most of the rise in inflation in 2021 and 2022 was driven by developments that directly raised prices rather than wages, including sharp increases in global commodity prices and sectoral price spikes driven by a combination of pandemic-induced kinks in supply chains and a huge shift in demand during the pandemic to goods from services. Fiscal policy contributed to the inflation, but primarily through its effects on consumer demand for commodities and goods in limited supply rather than
🟡 5 Strategies for Managing Supply Chain Disruptions
What Is a Supply Chain Disruption?
A supply chain includes the network of people and companies that create a product and deliver it to a customer. A supply chain disruption is any circumstance that interferes with a company’s flow of production, sales, and distribution. Disruptions are the bane of supply chain management and can cause significant harm to a business by slowing shipments, degrading product quality, increasing costs, and damaging brand reputation. [...] Key Takeaways
Disruptions have become the norm in recent years, creating ongoing challenges for supply chain managers.
The causes of disruption vary widely, from labor shortages and extreme weather events to geopolitical tension and tariff uncertainty.
Supply chain disruptions can hurt businesses in a variety of ways, impacting both the top line and bottom line by slowing shipments, degrading product quality, increasing costs, and damaging brand reputation.
Supply chain resilience strategies remain a work in progress, as companies continue to implement the digital controls needed to handle disruptive events.
The Rise in Supply Chain Disruptions [...] Supply chain managers need to create a structure for tackling supply chain disruptions, and they can start getting organized by cataloging and addressing known risks. Classic supply chain risks, such as supplier bankruptcies, can be more easily measured and managed than less familiar sources of disruption. To assess exposure, a supplier’s financial history can be combined with knowledge of the product lines in a company that rely on that supplier’s solvency. Certain unknown risks, on the other hand, can be moving targets. Today, for example, unpredictable tariff rates can have an insidious impact on a company’s business planning and inventory management. At the same time, companies can help lift the curtain on the unknowns by taking advantage of a variety of tactics, such as employing
🟡 Supply Chain Disruptions: An Expert Guide - NetSuite
Key Takeaways
Supply chain disruptions are conditions or events that interrupt or disturb the flow of goods and services at any point along the supply chain.
The causes of supply chain disruptions vary widely. They include human-based factors like labor concerns and cyberattacks, as well as natural factors such as pandemics and natural disasters.
Changes in the supply chain affect organizations financially, operationally, and reputationally.
There are a number of ways to mitigate supply chain disruptions, including diversifying suppliers and following best practices in risk assessment and risk management.
## Supply Chain Disruptions Explained [...] Financial impact. Supply chain disruptions can increase costs: paying more for limited goods, doling out fees for expedited services, or sourcing alternative materials to be able to maintain production, for example. If production or delivery is delayed because of a supply chain disruption, the goods might not reach customers in time, leading to lost sales and lost customers and thus reduced income. Supply chain disruptions can also create regulatory risk, which can result in fines for the company. [...] # Supply Chain Disruptions: An Expert Guide
Abby Jenkins | Product Marketing Manager
Some supply chain disruptions are obvious: If the largest factory producing a certain item shuts down, there’s a shortage of that item. But most supply chains are more complex, making supply chain disruptions difficult to anticipate. Their elusiveness makes them no less critical to maintaining business operations, though. Read on to learn about supply chain disruptions, their common causes, and how to mitigate them.
## What Are Supply Chain Disruptions?
Supply chain disruptions are unexpected conditions or events that throw a wrench into the flow of goods and services at any point in the supply chain — meaning the route between suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers.
🟡 What Is Supply Chain Disruption? Full Guide Inside
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# What is Supply Chain Disruption? A Complete Guide.
AdobeStock_427387113.jpeg
Supply chain disruption has become a persistent challenge for businesses in every industry. But what is supply chain disruption, and why does it matter so much?
At its core, supply chain disruption refers to unexpected events that interrupt the normal flow of goods and services. These interruptions—whether caused by natural disasters, regulatory changes, geopolitical instability, or pandemics—can delay deliveries, increase costs, and damage customer relationships. As disruptions grow more frequent and complex, understanding how to anticipate and manage them is essential for long-term business resilience. [...] To recap, supply chain disruption refers to any event—sudden or sustained—that interferes with the smooth flow of goods and services. While the causes are varied and often unpredictable, the impacts are always significant.
Businesses that understand what supply chain disruption is and invest in the right strategies—diversification, planning, and technology—can minimize risk and even turn disruption into a competitive advantage.
With supply chain management software, supply chain planning, and proactive risk management, companies are better prepared not just to survive disruptions, but to lead through them.
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Fact Sheet [...] ## Understanding Supply Chain Disruption
To understand what supply chain disruption is, it’s helpful to first consider the nature of modern supply chains. Globalized and interconnected, today’s supply networks depend on the seamless coordination of suppliers, logistics providers, manufacturers, and retailers. A disruption at any point—whether it's a port closure in Asia or a cyberattack on a European logistics hub—can cascade through the system.
🟡 Supply Chain Disruptions: 10 Tips to Improve Resilience | SAP
# Strategies for supply chain disruption management
The key to supply chain disruption management is technology that helps avoid, mitigate, and recover from supply chain disruptions.
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## What is supply chain disruption: definition and potential impact of supply chain disruption
Supply chain disruption is an event or series of events that hinders the flow of materials, services, or goods necessary for the uninterrupted functioning of a business, potentially causing problems across the entire organization. The impact of supply chain disruption can manifest in a wide range of negative consequences, such as: [...] It’s incredibly important to prepare for supply chain disruption because supply chain management (SCM) is the bedrock of efficient business operations. Any disruption in supply chain can affect the entire organization if not properly mitigated. Today, in a vast proportion of businesses, supply chains have become global and interconnected. This makes companies sensitive to supply chain disruptions due to both internal factors and external ones: economic shifts, global and regional trade disruptions, and unforeseeable calamities like pandemics and natural disasters.
🟡 [PDF] Guide to Bank Failures: Overview and Role of Stakeholders - CCH
defined? A bank failure is defined as the closing of a bank by a federal or state banking regulatory agency. As a rule, a bank will be closed when it is unable to meet its obligations to depositors and others. Who is ultimately responsible for a bank’s failure? The bank’s management and board of directors bear the ultimate responsibility for the bank’s performance. What are common indicators that a bank is at risk of failing? A bank is at risk of failing when (1) it has insufficient assets or liquid funds to meet its obligations; (2) there is an abnormal risk of loss or damage to the Deposit Insurance Fund from the bank’s practices or conditions within the bank; (3) the FDIC has revoked the bank’s deposit insurance; (4) the bank is engaging in financially risky activities; or (5) the bank [...] for which the possible consequences of which, if continued, would result in the abnormal risk of loss or damage to a financial institution, its shareholders, or the Deposit Insurance Fund. Examples of unsafe or unsound practices include operating with inadequate capital, hazardous lending practices, lax collection practices, excessive reliance on volatile deposits, speculative or hazardous investment practices, and paying excessive dividends. An unsafe or unsound condition is a condition that would result in an abnormal risk of loss or damage to the bank or the Deposit Insurance Fund if continued. Examples of unsafe or unsound conditions include maintenance of unduly low net interest margins, excessive overhead expenses, excessive volumes of loans subject to adverse classification, and [...] differ from other types of business failures due to the effect a closed bank has on its customers and their related businesses. In addition, the global financial system is interconnected to a high degree, so the failure of one bank puts other financial institutions at risk. There is also a social and psychological factor: banks build their business on trust and a perception of reliability. The failure of one bank disrupts that perception even for those who were not customers of that bank, and that will often lead those customers to withdraw funds and thereby threaten the stability of other banks. A bank failure is contagious, and regulators must move fast to contain the spread. Common Indicators that a Bank is at Risk of Failing There are multiple reasons for bank failures, and one
🟡 Why Do Banks Fail? The Predictability of Bank Failures - Liberty Street Economics
The chart reveals that the risk of failure rises as a bank’s solvency deteriorates and its reliance on expensive forms of funding rises. Moreover, banks that have both high insolvency and high funding vulnerability have the highest likelihood of failure. For example, a bank in the top 5th percentile of both insolvency risk and funding vulnerability has a probability of failure over the next three years of around 14 percent in the National Banking Era (1865-1904), 42 percent during the Great Depression (1929-1934), and 26 percent in the modern period (1959-2023). This amounts to a ten- to twenty-fold increase in the probability of failure relative to the average bank, a considerable differential, and suggests that failures are not random. Rather, failing banks show signs of weak [...] Notes: The chart plots the probability of bank failure from t+1 to t+3 against the joint distribution of proxies for insolvency and funding vulnerability in year t. For the National Banking Era (1865-1904) and Great Depression (1929-1935), insolvency is measured by undivided profits over equity, and funding vulnerability is measured by wholesale funding over assets. For the Modern Era (1959-2023), insolvency is measured by equity-to-assets, and funding vulnerability is measured by time deposits to total deposits. [...] The next chart compares the realized aggregate failure rate on the y‑axis against an out-of-sample predicted failure rate on the x-axis. The predicted failure rate is constructed by aggregating the predictions from a simple bank-level model that predicts failure using measures of insolvency risk, funding vulnerabilities, and bank growth, as well as aggregate GDP growth. The prediction is done out-of-sample, so, for example, the prediction for the year 1933 is based only on information up to 1932.
Fundamentals Predict Aggregate Waves of Bank Failures
🟡 [PDF] Bank Failure: An Evaluation of the Factors Contributing to the ... - OCC
wa~ not available at the time of the re\'iew. 1Thc:: acronym CAMEL rc::presc::ms the:: five catc::gories in which banks arc:: ratc::d by examinc::rs-Capital, A~sc::t quality, M;magemem, Earnings, and Liquidity. The:: composite rating represents the:: overall status of the bank and takes into account the rating.~ in all five categories. A 1-rated bank is in the:: best of health while a 5-rated bank is \'ery near failure. A bank with a composite rating of -i or '> is labeleQ a problem bank by the OCC. 3 , ' I i 6. Liquidity and funds management; .. 5. Ponfunding expenses; 6. Insider abuse; 7. Fraud; and 8. Economic environment. Using examination reports, bank histories prepared by OCC examiners, and other ir1formation provided by banks and examiners, the OCC determined , the extent to which [...] a large amount of interest-rate risk (to add to the credit risk of the new loans) through borrowings or high cost, volatile deposits. Liquidity problems can also develop if available funding sources contract. Out-of-Area Lending: If a bank makes loans to borrowers who are not in its normal trade area, the bank's ability to properly evaluate the loan and to monitor and service it is diminished. A normal trade area is the area where the bank makes most of its loans and receives most of its deposits, and in which it has a good understanding of the economics and practices. Many banks routinely have a few out-of-area loans to former area residents or affiliates of local businesses, etc. Where a borrower resides or conducts business is not the main issue. The key is whether or not the bank [...] or affiliated businesses; loans secured by the same type of collateral (soybeans, oil production); or out of area loans. Concentrations have a high level of risk for the bank because they amount to having all of the bank's eggs in one basket. For example, if oil prices go down, suddenly all oil production loans could be in trouble. It is normal for many community banks to have high concentrations related to local economic bases. For ex-ample, banks in rural areas will have a large portion of assets invested in farm loans and farm-economy dependent businesses. An unwarranted con-centration is where the bank allows a concentration that it does not have to permit (e.g, making loans to one group of affiliated companies or loans dependent upon the price of one commodity) rather than ensuring
🟡 Risk Management in Banking: Types & Best Practices - Blog | Unit21
A recent trend that threatens to elevate banks’ liquidity risk is an increase in the number of bank runs. A bank run happens when rumors that a bank may fail in the near future cause its customers to panic. They then try to withdraw as much cash as possible from the bank before they potentially lose access to their money.
Banks run rapidly, decreasing the amount of liquid assets available to meet their short-term debts. So, while rumors of the bank failing may not have been completely accurate, the bank run still caused a spike in its liquidity risk, making it much more likely that the bank will actually fail.
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What caused inflation to spike after 2020? : Monthly Labor Review : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
As the labor market tightened during 2021 and 2022, core inflation rose as the ratio of job vacancies to unemployment increased. This ratio is used to measure wage pressures that then pass through to the prices for goods and services. As workers bargain for better pay, firms begin to increase prices. So, from this research, the authors find that three main components explain the rise in inflation since 2020: volatility of energy prices, backlogs of work orders for goods and service caused by supply chain issues due to COVID-19, and price changes in the auto-related industries. [...] To answer the question of where inflation is headed, the authors point to two factors: the relationship between vacancies and unemployment and long-term inflation expectations, because the Federal Reserve tames inflation by increasing interest rates. The authors forecast the December 2024 inflation level to range from 2.3 to 4.8 percent. [...] Ball and colleagues conclude that the rise in the ratio of job vacancies to unemployment contributed almost a third of the rise in core inflation of 2.0 percentage points over a 12-month period. The 2.0-percentage-point increase in inflation explains about half the rise in core inflation, climbing from 2.3 to 6.9 percent (total increase of 4.6 percentage points). And finally, they found that the main contributors to the headline inflation shocks were energy prices (2.7 percentage points) and a backlog of work (1.7 percentage points).
Publications
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🟢
The Rabbit-Duck Question: What Caused the Recent Inflation Surge?
The inflation surge of the last few years is, therefore, best seen as the outcome of various compromises and trade-offs done by the various parties. Firms needed higher prices to cover their increased costs, central banks were hesitant to hinder an economy already going through a highly uncertain patch, and governments wanted to help their citizens while avoiding costly austerity. At the same, some of the inflation may also have reflected abuse of market power by firms or miscalculations by central banks and governments. [...] One thing that polls and election outcomes have indicated is that citizens viewed the inflation surge highly negatively, indicating that more decisive measures may be welcomed to keep inflation in check in the future. In hindsight, a mix of more austere fiscal policy and/or tighter monetary policy may have been better received. As policymakers consider those, however, they may want to keep in mind the relative costs of their favored approaches.
Felipe Schwartzman is a senior economist in the Research Department at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond.
1
See the 2023 article "Profits and Inflation in the Time of COVID" by Andreas Hornstein for a discussion and relevant references.
2 [...] Unfortunately, as we will see, those simple heuristics cannot distinguish among the alternatives. In part, this is because (like the rabbit-duck drawing) the surge in inflation can and should be interpreted from all of those perspectives simultaneously, and evidence for one mechanism does not exclude the others. While it is easier to hold one perspective at a time, an analysis of the last few years would be well advised to keep apprised of each of these views.
🟢
Latest CPI data show inflation jumping. This is what it means for advisors
Northlight Asset Management’s Zaccarelli noted that the duration of the war matters, as does the “extremely important” Strait of Hormuz. “If the supply shock is temporary then the economy can weather this storm and the Fed will have an opportunity to lower interest rates by the end of the year, but if the inflation shock is more long-lasting they will have no choice but to sit on their hands for the entire year,” he said. [...] it should keep policymakers on pause unless we see a more notable deterioration in the labor market or the broader economy." [...] Bret Kenwell, US investment analyst at eToro notes that headline CPI had been enjoying a slow but steady decline until this latest reading, with the 3.3% figure marking its highest reading in nearly two years. In a note, Kenwell also highlighted the latest Personal Consumption Expenditures price index, released this week, which showed a 2.8% increase in February, in line with expectations, and the same number as the prior month."When paired with the February PCE data we received yesterday, the message is clear: inflation remains sticky — and that optimistically assumes the energy surge proves to be a temporary headwind rather than a lasting recalibration," he said. "While this may not justify higher interest rates from the Fed, it should keep policymakers on pause unless we see a more
Environnement & Catastrophes naturelles
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🔴 Earthquake rattles northern Nevada
# Earthquake rattles northern Nevada
RENO, Nev. (KOLO) - An earthquake was felt across northern Nevada Monday night. The United State Geological Survey reports the magnitude at 5.5. It was centered about 12 miles southeast of Silver Springs. Several aftershocks were reported in the area, the largest measuring at magnitude-3.6.
People reported feeling the quake across northern Nevada and into California.
There are no reports of any damage so far.
Copyright 2026 KOLO. All rights reserved.
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🔴 Earthquakes - ABC News
## 4.6 magnitude earthquake rattles Northern California
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### Small, 2.3 magnitude earthquake recorded near Sleepy Hollow, New York
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## Magnitude 5.7 earthquake reported in Nevada
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## Death toll climbs to over 1,400 after Afghanistan earthquake, official says
🔴 List of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century - Wikipedia
This is a list of volcanic eruptions in the 21st century with a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) of 4 or higher, and smaller eruptions that resulted in fatalities, significant damage or disruptions.
The largest volcanic eruption of the 21st century is the 2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai eruption and tsunami, and the deadliest are the 2018 Volcán de Fuego eruption and the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami.
## Large eruptions (VEI of 4 or higher, or plume height of at least 15 km)
[edit")] [...] | 3 | Kilauea( | Hawaii, United States | 2018 | | Most destructive volcanic event in the United States since the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Lava flows forced the evacuation of populated areas, destroyed over 700 homes, roads and utilities, causing at least $800 million (2018 USD) of property damage. |
| 3 | Pico do Fogo( | Cape Verde | 2014-2015 | | 2014–15 Fogo eruption |
| 0 | Holuhraun( | Iceland | 2014-2015 | | 2014–2015 eruption of Bárðarbunga |
| 1 | Havre Seamount( | Kermadec Islands, New Zealand | 2012 | | 2012 Kermadec Islands eruption |
| 2 | Tagoro( | Canary Islands, Spain | 2011-2012 | | 2011–12 El Hierro eruption | [...] | 4? | Sheveluch( | Russia | 2023 | 20 | | | An eruption on 11 April ejected a cloud of volcanic gas and ash that reached a height of 20 km (12 mi) and spread over an area of 108,000 km 2 (42,000 sq mi).( flows from the eruption traveled up to 19 km (12 mi) away from the volcano.( |
| 3 | Bezymianny( | Russia | 2022 | 15 | | | An eruption on 28 May sent ash to an altitude of 15 km, causing some disruptions to flights in the North Pacific, including an American Airlines flight from Dallas to Tokyo that diverted back to Los Angeles midway across the Pacific, landing after approximately 12 hours in the air._[citation needed_] |
🔴 Volcanoes | Ready.gov
# Volcanoes
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If you are a disaster survivor, please visit FEMA.gov for up-to-date information on current disaster declarations. If you have questions about your disaster assistance application, visit disasterassistance.gov, use the FEMA mobile app or call (800) 621-3362.
A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust that allows molten rock, gases and debris to escape to the surface. During a volcanic eruption, lava and other debris can flow at speeds of up to 100 mph, destroying everything in their path. Volcanic ash can travel hundreds of miles and cause severe health problems. [...] There are 161 potentially active volcanoes in the United States. Alaska, Hawaii, California, Washington and Oregon have the largest number of active volcanoes, but other states and territories also have active volcanoes.
A volcanic eruption can:
Contaminate water supplies.
Damage machinery.
Reduce visibility through smog and harmful gases that may threaten low-lying areas.
Make it hard to breathe and irritate the skin, eyes, nose and throat.
IF YOU ARE UNDER A VOLCANO WARNING: [...] Know your area’s risk from volcanic eruption.
Ask local emergency management for evacuation and shelter plans, and for potential means of protection from ash.
Learn about community warning systems by signing up for a free service called the Volcano Notification Service (VNS) that sends notifications about volcanic activity.
Get necessary supplies in advance, including nonperishable foods, cleaning supplies and water for several days, in case you have to evacuate immediately or if services are cut off. Keep in mind each person’s specific needs, including medication. Do not forget pets’ needs for medication and food.
Consult your doctor if you have existing respiratory difficulties.
🔴 What's The Biggest Flood in History? - American Rivers
2011 was an epic flooding year with an above-average snowpack followed by above-average precipitation. In the Missouri River basin, flooding brought over $2 billion in estimated losses and flooded over 4,000 homes, and resulted in 5 deaths. Historic levels of flooding along the Mississippi River resulted in estimated economic losses of $3-$4 billion and at least 7 deaths.
These types of major riverine floods will continue to occur as long as snow and rainfall from the sky and yet many people will be surprised every time a flood occurs. Fortunately, one area we’ve improved is in the ability to monitor rainfall and river conditions and alert people so they can evacuate when floods are imminent, which is probably one reason the death tolls from recent major floods have dropped. [...] Unfortunately, the most costly floods in terms of lives lost continue to be those that result when the infrastructure we build fails.
In 1889, the South Fork Dam north of Johnstown, Pennsylvania collapsed killing 2,200 people. It may seem easy to brush that off and say we know how to build better now, but in 2005 during Hurricane Katrina, the New Orleans’ levees failed and the impact of the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet contributed to $133.8 billion in damages and 1833 lives lost.
In spite of all these facts and figures, the most costly flood to each individual is the one that affects you and your family. The loss of loved ones, homes, and businesses makes that flood the most important to you, no matter what the size. [...] # What’s The Biggest Flood in History?
Flooding of the Mississippi River, in Davenport, Iowa, in 2019 | Photo by Olivia Dorothy
Flooding of the Mississippi River, in Davenport, Iowa, in 2019 | Photo by Olivia Dorothy
### How do you measure the “biggest” flood?
Is it by the amount of water? The most land covered? The most lives lost? The most property destroyed?
The United States has been dealing with enormous floods on our biggest river systems like the Mississippi and Missouri for centuries. In 1927 the Mississippi’s levees could not hold back the water from record precipitation and 27,000 square miles flooded over seven states resulting in a death toll of 246. In 1993, Midwest flooding cost $30.2 Billion and 48 lives.
🔴 Floods: Facts, FAQs, and how to help - World Vision
On July 4, 2025, Central Texas was hit by major flash floods, among the deadliest in the U.S. in decades, which caused severe destruction along the Guadalupe River. At least 137 people have been confirmed dead, with dozens still missing, including girls who had been attending a summer camp.
In a separate event, heavy rainfall from Tropical Storm Chantal caused severe flooding in parts of North Carolina, prompting search and rescue operations in Chapel Hill and other nearby communities.
People hold hands in a moment of prayer at a humanitarian aid distribution site.
Afghanistan
🔴 List of deadliest floods - Wikipedia
| 10,000–100,000 | St. Elizabeth's flood "St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)"), storm surge | Holy Roman Empire | 1421 |
| 10,000–30,000 | 1999 Vargas mudslide | Venezuela | 1999 |
| 9,887–30,000 | 1999 Odisha cyclone, storm surge | India (Odisha), Myanmar, Bangladesh | 1999 |
| 8,000–15,000 | Burchardi flood | Germany, Denmark | 1634 |
| 7,000 | 1557 Palermo flood | Sicily | 1557 |
| 6,511 | 2020 South Asian floods | Afghanistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka | 2020 |
| 6,200[citation needed] | Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui flood | China | 1980 |
| 6,054 | 2013 North India floods | India | 2013 |
| 6,000-12,000 | 1900 Galveston hurricane | United States | 1900 |
| 5,154 (official)[citation needed] | 1963 Great Hai River flood | Hai River, China | 1963 | [...] | 1,029 | 2004 China flood"), mountain torrents, mud-rock flows, landslide | China | 2004 |
| 1,000–8,000 | 2016 Indian floods") by monsoon rain | India | 2016 |
| 1,000[citation needed] | 1961 Bihar flood | India | 1961 |
| 992 | 1957 Isahaya flood, massive rain and mudslide | Japan | 1957 |
| 969 | 2025 Sumatra floods and landslides | Indonesia | 2025 |
| 941 | Inuyama Iruka pond") dam failure | Japan | 1868 |
| 933 | 1938 Hanshin flood, mainly Tokyo, Kobe, massive rain and landslide | Japan | 1938 |
| 915 | Barcelona, flash flood | Spain | 1962 |
| 903 | January 2011 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides | Brazil | 2011 |
| 848 | 1977 Karachi flood | Pakistan | 1977 |
| 844 | 2006 North Korean floods | North Korea | 2006 | [...] | 33,000 | 1954 Yangtze floods | China | 1954 |
| 27,000–1,500,000 | 1974 Bangladesh flood due to monsoon rain | Bangladesh | 1974 |
| 26,000–240,000 | 1975 Banqiao Dam failure and floods | China | 1975 |
| 25,000–40,000 | St. Marcellus's flood (Grote Mandrenke), storm tide | Holy Roman Empire, Denmark | 1362 |
| 20,000–25,000 | All Saints' Flood "All Saints' Flood (1570)"), storm surge | Holy Roman Empire | 1570 |
| 20,000 | 1939 Tianjin flood[citation needed] | China | 1939 |
| 15,000 | 1705 Po Valley flood | Po Valley, Italy | 1705 |
| 14,000 | Christmas flood, storm surge | Netherlands, Germany, Denmark | 1717 |
| 11,498+ | Storm Daniel | Libya, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Egypt | 2023 |
🔴 Watch Duty - Wildfire Maps & Alerts
# Stay Safe From Wildfires When Seconds Count
Watch Duty, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, alerts you of nearby wildfires and firefighting efforts in real-time.
There’s a fear of being at risk. Watch Duty is my Valium.
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Know if that smoke in the distance is a fire you need to be worried about.
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See everything that impacts fires in one place.
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### Track Active Fire Perimeters [...] ### Track Active Fire Perimeters
Using satellite imagery and other official sources you can easily track and monitor the progress of a fire.
### Evacuation Orders & Shelters
Find clear and concise evacuation notices as well as shelters for people and animals all in one place.
### Submit Photos
Help first responders and loved ones by sharing photos of fire conditions and other hazards for the world to see.
## Watching All 50 States
Watch Duty is a service, not an app, powered by over 150 volunteers – firefighters, dispatchers, and first responders – who diligently monitor radio scanners and other official sources 24 hours a day to send you the most up-to-date information, across the entire U.S.
How it works
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“Having Watch Duty has reduced my stress level greatly. Just seeing how fast the firefighters jump on the wildfires and get them Forward Progress Stopped is very reassuring.”
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🟠 Afghanistan : séisme de magnitude 5.8 et inondations meurtrières — 77 morts
Un séisme de magnitude 5.8 a frappé le nord de l'Afghanistan, aggravant les dégâts causés par des jours de pluies torrentielles et d'inondations. Au moins 77 morts, 137 blessés, 800 maisons détruites et 2 600 endommagées.
🟠 République dominicaine : inondations et glissements de terrain — 26 provinces en alerte jaune
Depuis le 8 avril, des pluies torrentielles accompagnées d'orages, de grêle et de glissements de terrain frappent la République dominicaine, causant des inondations généralisées et des pertes en vies humaines.
🟠 [PDF] The Causes of Volcanic Eruptions and How They Affect Our ...
the eruption of the material. What follows is describing the environmental impacts of volcanic eruptions in different dimensions and the impacts of volcanic eruptions on climate and plants. 2. Causes of volcanic eruptions A volcanic eruption is a phenomenon in which magma pours out of a crater onto the Earth's surface, accompanied by ash, dust, and various chemical gases that erupt into the atmosphere. There are many physical and chemical reactions behind this phenomenon. 2.1. Decompression and melting The mantle convection can be caused by the unstable density and temperature in the Earth's interior or plumes, which form underground. As the hot rocky substance raises to the shallower layers of the mantle, the drop in pressure causes melting to occur. This molten material will cause the [...] eruption in many time horizons. Although volcanoes are just openings or vents in the crust, their internal structure and the cause of the eruption are very complex. In addition, a volcanic eruption can lead to many climatic effects, for example, global warming and acid rain; a volcanic eruption produces a lot of gas such as SO2, CO, HCL, CO2, H2S, etc. Those chemicals can be very valuable if used. Furthermore, volcanoes are scattered all over the world, they can take place in the water, on the land, and even under glaciers. Every volcano obtains an underlying central vent on the volcano’s peak crater. The edifice, or cone-shaped structure, of the volcano, is formed due to the symmetrical collective of magma or pyroclastic substance surrounding the central vent system. The central vent [...] to volcanic forcing but also mentions a phenomenon of wind (El Niño de Navidad) caused by volcanic. The second argument is the impact of volcanic eruption on climate. It explains the effects of volcanic dust, Sulphur dioxide, and greenhouse gases, these three main volcanic substances that contribute to environmental cooling, acid rain, and global warming respectively. The final point is the impact of volcanic eruption on the benefits and disadvantages of plant cultivation, hoping this article could raise awareness of volcanoes and global environmental problems and prevent them. Keywords: Volcanic eruption, climate change, plants, earth science, ocean. 1. Introduction Climate change can be extremely caused by the severe volcanic eruption in many time horizons. Although volcanoes are just
🟠 Floods in the United States (2000–present) - Wikipedia
Heavy rainfall, severe thunderstorms, and flash flooding occurred across several Midwest states in April 2013. Heavy rain fell after moist air surged ahead of a strong cold front and low-pressure system, leaving many rivers swollen. As much as 8 inches of rainfall fell in some places. Flood warnings were in effect from Michigan to northern Arkansas and Tennessee. As of April 22, more than 200 gauges were in flood stage along rivers in the upper Midwest, including 43 in "major" flood stage. The floods have been responsible for five fatalities. [...] The July 2023 Northeastern United States floods, also known as the Great Vermont Flood of 10–11 July 2023 in Vermont, was a destructive and significant flash flood event occurring in the Northeastern United States from July 9 to 29, 2023. Slow-moving showers and thunderstorms produced heavy rainfall and flooding, which led to widespread damage across multiple states in the Mid-Atlantic "Mid-Atlantic (United States)"), with the heaviest and most destructive flash flooding centered around northern New England, specifically Vermont. Across the affected areas, numerous roads and bridges were washed out, and dozens of water rescues were conducted. Widespread rainfall amounts of 5 inches (130 mm) fell across the Northeast, with the maximum amount of rainfall occurring in Putnam Valley, New [...] In December 2015, major floods occurred in Missouri. Southwestern Missouri was the most significantly impacted and experienced over a foot of rainfall, while other parts of the Missouri Ozarks saw 5–12 inches of rain. The flooding caused 13 deaths, and two wastewater treatment plants were overwhelmed by the floods, leaking sewage into the floodwaters.
### March 2016 Southern and Midwestern floods
🟠 Flooding in the United States 101: Causes, Trends, and Impacts
Explainer
Reading time
9 minutes
## Introduction
Flooding occurs all across the United States and causes billions of dollars of damage to property and infrastructure every year. With climate change and population growth in flood-prone areas, both the frequency and costs of flooding are increasing. This explainer provides an overview of the state of flooding in the United States today. It describes the types of flooding, the contribution of climate change, historical trends of flood impacts and costs, the role of exposure to rising flood costs, and social vulnerability to flooding—which leads to uneven impacts of floods across people and communities.
## Types of Flooding
There are three major types of flooding: fluvial, pluvial, and coastal.
### Fluvial [...] High-tide flooding is generally defined as a coastal water level reaching or exceeding a median height of 0.5 to 0.65 meters above the long‐term average daily highest tide. The number of days with minor high tide flooding—sometimes called “nuisance” or “sunny day” flooding—in the U.S. has risen rapidly in recent years, increasing to twice 2000 levels in 2021 for an average of four days of flooding per year (See Figure 1). The numbers vary significantly by location, however; cities such as Boston, New York, and Norfolk, Virginia, average more than ten days of high-tide flooding per year. [...] Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater levels during a tropical cyclone, or hurricane, and is measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted tide. The magnitude of storm surge depends on the orientation of the coast with the track of the hurricane; the hurricane’s strength, size, and speed; and coastal and underwater topography. Whether the hurricane hits during high or low tide can matter for the resulting magnitude of flooding. In 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the New York and New Jersey coasts at high tide, which worsened the storm’s flood impacts. While storm surge originates in the ocean, it can push deep into estuaries, bays, and rivers.
🟡 Séisme de magnitude 5.7 au Nevada (USA) — 5 000 personnes exposées
Un séisme de magnitude 5.7 a frappé l'ouest du Nevada le 14 avril, suivi de plus de 30 répliques. 5 000 personnes exposées à de fortes secousses selon le USGS PAGER. Aucun dommage ni victime rapportée.
🟡 Cyclone tropical SINLAKU menace les îles Mariannes du Nord et Guam
Le cyclone SINLAKU se déplace vers le nord-ouest au-dessus du Pacifique nord en direction de Saipan. Les autorités surveillent de près son évolution vers les îles Mariannes du Nord.
🟡 3.9 magnitude earthquake rattles Ottawa
CityNews Everywhere
Toronto
# 3.9 magnitude earthquake rattles Ottawa
By Natasha O'Neill
Posted April 14, 2026 1:28 pm.
Last Updated April 14, 2026 2:53 pm.
A 3.9 magnitude earthquake rumbled the nation’s capital on Tuesday afternoon, according to Earthquakes Canada.
According to reports, the quake hit near Shawville, Que. about 77 kilometres northwest of Ottawa. It happened about 12:36 p.m. on April 14, the site notes.
It was at a depth of 13 kilometres.
Thousands of reports were sent to Earthquakes Canada, according to the government organization. A map from the site shows that people as far as Toronto felt the quake.
Over two dozen people are reporting that they felt the earthquake as a level 1 intensity, and hundreds more felt it as level 2 or 3. [...] 3h ago
A Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) detector dog intercepted more than five kilograms of undeclared meat and butter before it entered the country at Pearson International Airport on Thursday.
Canine...
39m ago
Sarnia police have issued a Canada‑wide warrant for a man accused of opening fire inside a Lambton College campus bar early Friday, killing a 20‑year‑old student and injuring two others.
Officers...
1h ago
## Most Watched Today
The Province of Ontario says tunnelling for the Ontario Line through downtown Toronto has officially begun as of Thursday, marking a milestone in the construction of the subway line.
3h ago [...] 39m ago
Sarnia police have issued a Canada‑wide warrant for a man accused of opening fire inside a Lambton College campus bar early Friday, killing a 20‑year‑old student and injuring two others.
Officers...
1h ago
680 News Radio Toronto
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OTTAWA — Canada Post is starting preliminary work to convert addresses that receive door-to-door mail to community mailboxes, and to phase out some post offices.
The Crown corporation said in a news...
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"If you stand outside of just Toronto and East York Community Council...
3h ago
🟡 Nevada Officials Report Damage After 5.7-Magnitude Earthquake
## Video: High School Principal Tackles Gunman in Oklahoma
# Magnitude 5.7 Earthquake Rattles Rural Nevada
A magnitude 5.7 earthquake struck rural Nevada on Monday and officials say some light to moderate damage has been reported near the town of Silver Springs, about 45 minutes east of Reno.April 14, 2026
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🟡 Recent Wildfire Alerts - Department of Lands
# Recent Wildfire Alerts
## Recent Wildfire Alerts
The Idaho Department of Lands protects 9 million acres of forests and rangelands from wildfire. Because Idahoans need timely and accurate information about fires in their communities, we issue wildfire alerts for fires on land we protect.
Typically, we issue alerts for fires that are larger than 10 acres, threaten structures, or are managed by an Incident Management Team. The alerts are sent via text messaging and email. You can sign up to receive alerts here.
This page lists the most recent wildfire alerts we have issued.
## Sign Up to Receive Wildfire Alerts
Get alerts delivered via text messaging or email!
Sign Up Now!
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Chief Jaime GamboaDirector - Fire, Fuels & Aviation Management U.S. Forest Service, California
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## NETWORK + TECHNOLOGY
ALERTCalifornia has an extensive, ever-expanding camera network in California. Researchers at UC San Diego have taken the lead in creating the cyberinfrastructure to process, store, manage and visualize the massive amounts of incoming data from these camera installations. Our discoveries help mitigate the impact of wildfires on people and property, and bolster research into how to best prepare and respond to wildfire threats, both before, during and after serious burn events. [...] Skip to content
ALERTCalifornia, UC San Diego
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# ALERTCalifornia
## PREPARE · RESPOND · RECOVER
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Based at the University of California San Diego, ALERTCalifornia is a public safety program working to understand natural disasters and determine short and long-term impacts on people and the environment to inform management decisions.
Learn More
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ALERTCalifornia is a UC San Diego Program
## VIEW LIVE CAMERA FEEDS
Cameras and sensors are deployed throughout California to monitor wildfires and disasters in real-time.
🟡 Live Oregon Fire Map and Tracker | Frontline
## Oregon fire map today.
## Custom Oregon wildfire maps.
Based on your home address, the Frontline App allows you to see where fires are in Oregon that may be a threat to your home and family. The app will also send proactive wildfire alerts and notifications, including new fire alerts, red flag warnings, fire weather watch warnings, lightning events, wildfire evacuation notices, and more.
## Oregon wildfire tracker.
#### Everything you need to know before, during, and after a wildfire event.
## Get ahead of the flames. Make the free Frontline app part of your wildfire plan.
About the Oregon Wildfire Tracker and Map
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A magnitude-5.7 earthquake struck western Nevada on Monday evening, April 13, shaking communities across the region.
🟢
Nevada earthquake now measured at 5.68 magnitude, see the latest
# Did you feel it? Nevada 5.68 magnitude earthquake hits east of Reno
🟢
Map of Earthquakes Today
#### There have been: (M1.5 or greater)
#### The biggest earthquakes:
## Today's Biggest Earthquakes All recent earthquakes »
Earthquakes over 3.0 M within the last 24 hours
#### 4.5 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 18:07:37 UTC
at 18:07
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at -23.495, -179.912
South Of Fiji Islands
Depth: 550 km
#### 4.8 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 17:19:17 UTC
at 17:19
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at 23.993, 143.079
Volcano Islands, Japan
Depth: 10 km
#### 4.7 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 16:51:52 UTC
at 16:51
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at -45.813, -76.224
Coast Of Aisen, Chile
Depth: 10 km
#### 5.0 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 14:43:15 UTC
at 14:43
April 16, 2026 UTC [...] Location:
Epicenter at 33.477, 142.225
Izu Islands, Japan
Depth: 66 km
#### 6.0 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 13:30:01 UTC
at 13:30
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at -32.21, -178.054
South Of Kermadec Islands
Depth: 10 km
#### 4.8 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 12:40:10 UTC
at 12:40
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at -32.13, -178.152
South Of Kermadec Islands
Depth: 10 km
#### 3.0 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 08:53:35 UTC
at 08:53
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at 39.313, -119.053
18.2 km from
Silver Springs
(11.2 miles)
Nevada
Depth: 8 km
#### 4.7 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 08:51:19 UTC
at 08:51
April 16, 2026 UTC [...] Location:
Epicenter at -24.2, -67.33
102.2 km from
San Antonio de los Cobres
(63.2 miles)
Depth: 192 km
#### 5.2 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 08:09:02 UTC
at 08:09
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at -14.659, -76.767
102.2 km from
Paracas
(63.2 miles)
Near Coast Of Central Peru
Depth: 10 km
#### 3.6 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 07:00:32 UTC
at 07:00
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at 31.67, -104.387
73.2 km from
Loving
(45.2 miles)
Western Texas
Depth: 5 km
#### 4.9 magnitude earthquake
Today
2026-04-16 06:26:44 UTC
at 06:26
April 16, 2026 UTC
Location:
Epicenter at -10.756, 161.936
33.2 km from
Kirakira
(20.2 miles)
Solomon Islands
Depth: 50 km
#### 4.6 magnitude earthquake
🟢
Volcano earthquake report for Thursday, 16 Apr 2026 | VolcanoDiscovery
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### Look up quakes in:
# Volcano earthquake report for Thursday, 16 Apr 2026
World map showing volcanoes with shallow (less than 50 km) earthquakes within 20 km radius during the past 24 hours on 16 Apr 2026 Number in brackets indicate nr of quakes.
### Aracar volcano (Northern Chile, Bolivia and Argentina): magnitude 3.0 earthquake
### Baluran volcano (East Java): 2 earthquakes up to magnitude 3.0
### Cerro Negro de Mayasquer volcano (Colombia): magnitude 3.0 earthquake
### Chichinautzin volcano (Western & Central Mexico): magnitude 3.3 earthquake
### Clear Lake volcano (California): 24 earthquakes up to magnitude 1.7
### Dempo volcano (Sumatra): magnitude 3.0 earthquake [...] ### Volcano earthquake report for Wednesday, 8 Apr 2026
World map showing volcanoes with shallow (less than 50 km) earthquakes within 20 km radius during the past 24 hours on 8 Apr 2026 Number in brackets indicate nr of quakes.
### Volcano earthquake report for Tuesday, 7 Apr 2026
World map showing volcanoes with shallow (less than 50 km) earthquakes within 20 km radius during the past 24 hours on 7 Apr 2026 Number in brackets indicate nr of quakes.
### Volcano earthquake report for Monday, 6 Apr 2026
World map showing volcanoes with shallow (less than 50 km) earthquakes within 20 km radius during the past 24 hours on 6 Apr 2026 Number in brackets indicate nr of quakes.
Volcanoes & Earthquakes - new app for Android
## More on VolcanoDiscovery [...] ### Volcano earthquake report for Tuesday, 14 Apr 2026
World map showing volcanoes with shallow (less than 50 km) earthquakes within 20 km radius during the past 24 hours on 14 Apr 2026 Number in brackets indicate nr of quakes.
### Volcano earthquake report for Monday, 13 Apr 2026
World map showing volcanoes with shallow (less than 50 km) earthquakes within 20 km radius during the past 24 hours on 13 Apr 2026 Number in brackets indicate nr of quakes.
### Volcano earthquake report for Sunday, 12 Apr 2026
World map showing volcanoes with shallow (less than 50 km) earthquakes within 20 km radius during the past 24 hours on 12 Apr 2026 Number in brackets indicate nr of quakes.
### Volcano earthquake report for Saturday, 11 Apr 2026
🟢
Map: 4.6-Magnitude Earthquake Shakes Northern California - The New York Times
Earthquakes
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# Map: 4.6-Magnitude Earthquake Shakes Northern California
By William B. Davis, Madison Dong, Judson Jones, John Keefe, Joey K. Lee and Bea Malsky
## Shake intensity
A light, 4.6-magnitude earthquake struck in Northern California on Thursday, according to the United States Geological Survey.
The temblor happened at 1:41 a.m. Pacific time about 1 mile southeast of Boulder Creek, Calif., data from the agency shows.
U.S.G.S. data earlier reported that the magnitude was 5.1.
As seismologists review available data, they may revise the earthquake’s reported magnitude. Additional information collected about the earthquake may also prompt U.S.G.S. scientists to update the shake-severity map.
## Aftershocks in the region [...] ## When quakes and aftershocks occurred
Source: United States Geological Survey | Notes: Shaking categories are based on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. When aftershock data is available, the corresponding maps and charts include earthquakes within 100 miles and seven days of the initial quake. All times above are Pacific time. Shake data is as of Thursday, April 2 at 5:41 a.m. Eastern. Aftershocks data is as of Thursday, April 9 at 2:11 a.m. Eastern.
## Related Content
Advertisement
## Site Index
## Site Information Navigation [...] ## Aftershocks in the region
An aftershock is usually a smaller earthquake that follows a larger one in the same general area. Aftershocks are typically minor adjustments along the portion of a fault that slipped at the time of the initial earthquake.
## Quakes and aftershocks within 100 miles
Aftershocks can occur days, weeks or even years after the first earthquake. These events can be of equal or larger magnitude to the initial earthquake, and they can continue to affect already damaged locations.
## When quakes and aftershocks occurred
🟢
KGS--Kansas Earthquakes
# Kansas Earthquakes
## Kansas Geological Survey
| | |
--- |
| Kansas Earthquake Overview. | Interactive Map. |
| Kansas Earthquake Database. | Consortium to Study Trends in Seismicity. |
Kansas Earthquake Overview.
Interactive Map.
Kansas Earthquake Database.
Consortium to Study Trends in Seismicity.
#### Sign up to receive earthquake email alerts from the KGS
####
Name:
Email:
By clicking the submit button below, you agree to receive earthquake alert emails from the Kansas Geological Survey. You may unsubscribe at any time.
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### Topics...
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Volcanic eruption - Wikipedia
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Volcanic event
"Eruption" redirects here. For other uses, see Eruption (disambiguation) "Eruption (disambiguation)").
A volcanic eruption occurs when material is expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. Several types of volcanic eruptions have been distinguished by volcanologists. These are often named after famous volcanoes where that type of behavior has been observed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity, while others may display an entire sequence of types all in one eruptive series. [...] Phreatic eruptions (or steam-blast eruptions) are a type of eruption driven by the expansion of steam. When cold ground or surface water come into contact with hot rock or magma it superheats and explodes, fracturing the surrounding rock and thrusting out a mixture of steam, water, ash, volcanic bombs, and volcanic blocks. The distinguishing feature of phreatic explosions is that they only blast out fragments of pre-existing solid rock from the volcanic conduit; no new magma is erupted. Because they are driven by the cracking of rock strata under pressure, phreatic activity does not always result in an eruption; if the rock face is strong enough to withstand the explosive force, outright eruptions may not occur, although cracks in the rock will probably develop and weaken it, furthering [...] Plinian eruptions (or Vesuvian eruptions) are a type of volcanic eruption named for the historical eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD that buried the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum and, specifically, for its chronicler Pliny the Younger. The process powering Plinian eruptions starts in the magma chamber, where dissolved "Dissolution (chemistry)") volatile#Igneous_petrology "Volatile (astrogeology)") gases are stored in the magma. The gases vesiculate and accumulate as they rise through the magma conduit. These bubbles agglutinate and once they reach a certain size (about 75% of the total volume of the magma conduit) they explode. The narrow confines of the conduit force the gases and associated magma up, forming an eruptive column. Eruption velocity is controlled by the gas
🟢
Wildfire Updates | Air Quality | Central Oregon Fire Information
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TEXT “COFIRE” TO 888-777 TO RECEIVE WILDFIRE & PRESCRIBED FIRE TEXT ALERTS
Central OR Fire Info Follow 6,764 22,515
Providing official information on wildfires in Central Oregon on Prineville District BLM, Deschutes & Ochoco NFs & OR Dept of Forestry-Prineville/Sisters Units.
CentralORFire
CentralORFire avatar Central OR Fire Info @CentralORFire ·
19 Mar 2034666626117951762
❌The @DesNatlForest has cancelled two planned prescribed burns for Thurs. (3/19) due to unfavorable conditions. Ignitions had been planned south of Sisters and southeast of Bend.
ℹ️
Image for the Tweet beginning: ❌The @DesNatlForest has cancelled two Twitter feed image. [...] Reply on Twitter 2034666626117951762 Retweet on Twitter 2034666626117951762 3 Like on Twitter 2034666626117951762 4 Twitter 2034666626117951762
CentralORFire avatar Central OR Fire Info @CentralORFire ·
18 Mar 2034397933148541096
🔥Ignitions are complete on Opine 2B Prescribed Burn for 142 acres. Firefighters are cooling hotspots & securing the burn’s perimeter. Ignitions are planned to continue in this area tomorrow, Thurs. 3/19, if conditions, remain favorable on Flank 5 Prescribed Burn.
Reply on Twitter 2034397933148541096 Retweet on Twitter 2034397933148541096 1 Like on Twitter 2034397933148541096 4 Twitter 2034397933148541096
CentralORFire avatar Central OR Fire Info @CentralORFire ·
18 Mar 2034376125867270517 [...] 18 Mar 2034376125867270517
The @DesNatlForest plans to conduct two prescribed burns tomorrow:
🔥SAFR 9 & 78 Rx - 42 acres | 1.5 miles S of Sisters E side of FSR 16 & S side of FSR 4606 near jct of two roads
🔥Flank 5 Rx - 550 acres | 15 miles SE of Bend near Camp II OHV Staging
ℹ️
Image for the Tweet beginning: The @DesNatlForest plans to conduct Twitter feed image. Image for the Tweet beginning: The @DesNatlForest plans to conduct Twitter feed image. Image for the Tweet beginning: The @DesNatlForest plans to conduct Twitter feed image.
Reply on Twitter 2034376125867270517 Retweet on Twitter 2034376125867270517 3 Like on Twitter 2034376125867270517 3 Twitter 2034376125867270517
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🔴 Hurricane and Tropical Storm Watches, Warnings, Advisories and Outlooks
Please note that hurricane and tropical storm watches and warnings for winds on land as well as storm surge watches and warnings can be issued for storms that the NWS believes will become tropical cyclones but have not yet attained all of the characteristics of a tropical cyclone (i.e., a closed low-level circulation, sustained thunderstorm activity, etc.). In these cases, the forecast conditions on land warrant alerting the public. These storms are referred to as “potential tropical cyclones” by the NWS.
Hurricane, tropical storm, and storm surge watches and warnings can also be issued for storms that have lost some or all of their tropical cyclone characteristics, but continue to produce dangerous conditions. These storms are called “post-tropical cyclones” by the NWS.
### +Watches [...] Tropical Storm Warning: Tropical storm conditions (sustained winds of 39 to 73 mph) are expected within your area within 36 hours.
Extreme Wind Warning: Extreme sustained winds of a major hurricane (115 mph or greater), usually associated with the eyewall, are expected to begin within an hour. Take immediate shelter in the interior portion of a well-built structure. [...] Listen closely to instructions from local officials on TV, radio, cell phones or other computers for instructions from local officials.Evacuate immediately if told to do so.
Storm Surge Warning:There is a danger of life-threatening inundation from rising water moving inland from the shoreline somewhere within the specified area, generally within 36 hours. If you are under a storm surge warning, check for evacuation orders from your local officials.
Hurricane Warning:Hurricane conditions (sustained winds of 74 mph or greater) are expected somewhere within the specified area. NHC issues a hurricane warning 36 hours in advance of tropical storm-force winds to give you time to complete your preparations. All preparations should be complete. Evacuate immediately if so ordered.
🔴 Latest Hurricane News | weather.com
Mar 26, 2026, 12:00 pm EDT
There will never be another Hurricane Melissa. The name has officially become the 100th Atlantic hurricane name to be retired after the significant destruction it left behind in the Caribbean during the 2025 season. This decision was made during the annual meeting held by the World Meteorological Organization’s hurricane committee. Find out what name they are replacing it with here.
Tracking Disaster: Hurricane Melissa Makes Historic Landfall
Mar 25, 2026, 12:00 pm EDT
The Weather Channel covered Hurricane Melissa minute-by-minute as the catastrophic Category 5 storm made landfall in Jamaica, unleashing destructive winds, torrential rain and dangerous storm surge.
New Hurricane Cone Of Uncertainty Coming Soon
Mar 24, 2026, 3:26 pm EDT [...] Mar 24, 2026, 2:55 pm EDT
Saturday, April 12, marks 50 days until the 2025 Atlantic Hurricane Season begins and even fewer until the National Hurricane Center starts issuing outlooks. Here are the 21 names you’ll see this season in the Caribbean, Gulf and Atlantic. There is one new name this season after 2019’s Dorian was retired due to its wrath in the Bahamas.
Tropics Refresh: Your Guide To Tropical Terminology
Mar 18, 2026, 12:00 pm EDT [...] Mar 18, 2026, 12:00 pm EDT
With hurricane season quickly approaching, it’s important to brush up on your tropics terminology. Meteorologist Caitlin Kaiser walks through a tropics refresher going over everything from tropical depressions to hurricanes and even some lesser known terms. Here’s a guide to the terminology you will want to know as we head towards the start of June.
Cone of Uncertainty: It Shows Storm Path, Not Impacts
Mar 18, 2026, 12:00 pm EDT
🔴 Extreme heat, cold, precipitation and fires mark the start of 2026
In the Southern Hemisphere, record breaking heat provided fuel for extreme conditions, including wildfires in Australia, Chile and Patagonia. Heavy rains in Southern Africa in the final week of the month led to severe flooding, particularly in Mozambique, with a catastrophic impact on lives and livelihoods.
National Meteorological and Hydrological Services have been on the frontline.
“It is no wonder that extreme weather consistently features as one of the top risks in the The World Economic Forum")’s flagship annual Global Risks Report. The number of people affected by weather and climate-related disasters continues to rise, year by year, and the terrible human impacts of this have been apparent on a day-by-day basis this January,” said WMO Secretary-General Celeste Saulo. [...] The Deutscher Wetterdienst, which is one of WMO’s regional climate monitoring centres in Europe, issued an updated climate watch advisory on 27 January on above average precipitation over parts of Greenland, Northwestern and Western Europe, and the Mediterranean region in the next two weeks. Absolute weekly precipitation totals will be mostly 25–100 mm, in exposed places locally above 100 mm, it said in its guidance to NMHSs.
It said that Arctic cold air will spread again especially in Northern and Northeastern Europe in the next weeks. The affected areas include Norway, Sweden, Finland, European Russia (north), Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus (north). [...] ## Extreme cold and winter storms
The frequency and intensity of cold extremes have decreased on the global scale since 1950, according to the IPCC, and average winter temperatures have been rising. However, long-term global climatic trends do not eliminate the occurrence of extreme weather or regional cold spells.
A weakened and distortedpolar vortex"), which caused extra waviness in the polar jet stream, helped fuel extensive intrusions of frigid air into the mid-latitudes, contributing to cold snaps in North America, Europe, and Asia, and priming the atmosphere for disruptive winter storms in January.
🔴 Top 10 Climate Catastrophes to Watch in 2026 - Voices.earth
1. Record Breaking Heat Waves: Extreme heat is expected to remain the deadliest climate threat in 2026. Longer and more intense heat waves are likely across southern Europe, South Asia, the Middle East, and parts of the United States, especially in urban areas where cooling access is limited. Heat stress, power outages, and rising mortality will continue to challenge public health systems.
1. Rapidly Intensifying Hurricanes and Cyclones: Warmer ocean temperatures increase the risk of storms strengthening quickly, sometimes just before landfall. In 2026, rapidly intensifying hurricanes in the Atlantic and Western Pacific oceans could leave coastal communities with little time to prepare, increasing damage from wind, flooding, and storm surge. [...] 1. Catastrophic Flooding from Extreme Rainfall: Heavier rainfall over shorter periods is becoming more common. Flash floods are likely to intensify in cities and river basins where infrastructure was not designed for today’s rainfall extremes. These events often cause widespread damage with little warning.
1. Expanding and More Destructive Wildfires: Wildfire seasons are growing longer and more intense across North America, Southern Europe, South America, and Australia. Higher temperatures, prolonged drought, and dry vegetation increase the likelihood of fast-moving fires that threaten communities and degrade air quality far beyond fire zones. [...] 1. Prolonged Drought and Water Scarcity: Water stress is expected to worsen in regions already facing shortages, including parts of Africa, the Mediterranean, the western United States, and South America. In 2026, drought may increasingly collide with food production, urban demand, and energy generation.
1. Coastal Flooding and Accelerating Erosion: Sea level rise continues regardless of short-term emissions changes. In 2026, higher baseline sea levels are likely to worsen coastal flooding during storms and high tides, eroding shorelines and threatening homes, infrastructure, and freshwater supplies.
🔴 Weather of 2026
### Heatwaves
[edit]
In late January, much of Australia experienced a prolonged, extreme heatwave, with 12 locations recording temperatures above 49°C, and two, Andamooka and Port Augusta reaching 50°C on 29 and 30 January.(
World Weather Attribution said that, even considering the progress of global warming, March 2026 heatwaves in Western North America were "rare events" that would have been "virtually impossible" without human-induced climate change.(
In March, NASA reported that, for the second consecutive year winter arctic sea icedeclined, matching the lowest level since records began in 1979.( [...] Storm Anna caused widespread chaos at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, particularly on January 2, 2026, where a combination of heavy snow and shifting crosswinds led to the cancellation of over 325 flights and delayed more than 635 others.( The disruption at Schiphol hit KLM and easyJet hardest, with KLM alone cancelling roughly 30% of its schedule due to the airport's reduced runway capacity.( The storm brought wind gusts of up to 90 km/h along the northern coast of the Netherlands.( In Sweden, meteorologists recorded extreme accumulations, with up to 50 centimetres (nearly 20 inches) of snow falling in parts of central Sweden on New Year's Day and January 2, leaving thousands of households without power.( In the Netherlands and Germany, the storm's tail end brought freezing rain and black [...] Deadliest meteorological events during 2026 | Rank | Event | Date(s) | Deaths (+Missing) | Refs |
--- ---
| 1 | Storm Harry | January 16-23 | 390+ | ( |
| 2 | January 2026 North American winter storm | January 22-30 | 174+ | ( |
| 3 | 2026 West Bandung landslide | January 24 | 80+ | ( |
| 4 | 2026 Kenya Floods | March 6 – present | 71+ | ( |
| 5 | Intense Tropical Cyclone Gezani | February 4 - 18 | 63+ | ( |
| 6 | February 2026 North American blizzard | February 20 – 24 | 30 | |
| 7 | 2026 Chilean wildfires | January 29 – February 4 | 21 | ( |
| 8 | Tropical Cyclone Fytia | January 29 – February 4 | 15 | |
| 9 | Storm Kristin | January 27 – 31 | 14 | ( |
| 10 | January 30 – February 2, 2026 North American bomb cyclone | January 30 – February 2 | 13 | |
## Types
[edit]
🟠 Italie du sud : tempête meurtrière dans les Pouilles — 2 morts, campus évacué
Des vents violents ont frappé les Pouilles en Italie, causant 2 morts (arbres et poteaux tombés), un blessé et l'évacuation du campus universitaire de Bari. Vols détournés et trains suspendus.
🟠 Massillon OH weather alerts, warnings, watches and advisories - LocalConditions.com
The storm which prompted the warning has weakened below severe limits
and no longer poses an immediate threat to life or property.
Therefore, the warning will be allowed to expire.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 1100 PM EDT for
west central Ohio.
Please report previous wind damage or hail to the National Weather
Service by going to our website at weather.gov/iln and submitting
your report via social media.
### Severe Thunderstorm Warning
##### Severe Thunderstorm Warning issued April 14 at 7:36PM EDT until April 14 at 8:30PM EDT by NWS Wilmington OH [...] SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 112 REMAINS VALID UNTIL 11 PM EDT THIS
EVENING FOR THE FOLLOWING AREAS
IN OHIO THIS WATCH INCLUDES 7 COUNTIES
IN WEST CENTRAL OHIO
AUGLAIZE DARKE MERCER
MIAMI MONTGOMERY PREBLE
SHELBY
THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF CAMDEN, CELINA, COLDWATER,
DOWNTOWN DAYTON, EATON, GREENVILLE, KETTERING, MINSTER,
NEW BREMEN, PIQUA, SIDNEY, ST. MARYS, TIPP CITY, TROY,
AND WAPAKONETA.
### Severe Thunderstorm Warning
##### Severe Thunderstorm Warning issued April 14 at 7:33PM EDT until April 14 at 7:45PM EDT by NWS Wilmington OH [...] At 733 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located near St. Henry,
moving east at 40 mph.
HAZARD...70 mph wind gusts and half dollar size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Minor hail damage to vehicles is possible. Expect
considerable tree damage. Wind damage is also likely to
mobile homes, roofs, and outbuildings.
Locations impacted include...
Celina, St. Marys, Coldwater, New Bremen, Minster, St. Henry,
Chickasaw, Burkettsville, Montezuma, Egypt, Maria Stein, Carthagena,
and Bulkhead.
### Severe Thunderstorm Warning
##### Severe Thunderstorm Warning issued April 14 at 7:32PM EDT until April 14 at 7:45PM EDT by NWS Wilmington OH
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🟠 El Nino is brewing: Here’s what it means for US weather in 2026
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# El Nino is brewing: Here’s what it means for US weather in 2026
El Niño may take shape later this year, and the ripple effects could show up in U.S. weather during the second half of 2026. Here’s what that shift can mean for rain, storms, and hurricanes.
By Brian Lada, AccuWeather meteorologist
Published Feb 19, 2026 8:57 PM IST | Updated Mar 7, 2026 3:20 PM IST
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Passengers may notice more bumpy flights over the United States this winter due to the impacts of a strong El Niño. [...] A major shift may be brewing in the Pacific Ocean: Forecasters say El Niño could develop later this year. If it does, it can reshape weather patterns across the United States during the second half of 2026, as well as the Atlantic hurricane season.
## What is El Niño, and why does it matter?
El Niño is part of a natural climate cycle that shows up every few years. It happens when ocean water warms in the tropical Pacific near the equator. The opposite phase is La Niña, when that same region runs cooler than average.
🟠 Understanding Heat Alerts
Extreme Heat Warning—Take Action! An Extreme Heat Warning is issued when extremely dangerous heat conditions are expected or occurring. Avoid outdoor activities, especially during the heat of the day. If you must be outside, be sure to drink plenty of water and take frequent breaks in the shade. Stay indoors in an air-conditioned space as much as possible, including overnight. Check on family and neighbors. [...] Extreme Heat Watch—Be Prepared! An Extreme Heat Watch is issued when conditions are favorable for an extreme heat event but its occurrence and timing is still uncertain. Plan to suspend all major outdoor activities if a warning is issued. If you do not have air conditioning, locate the nearest cooling shelter or discuss staying with nearby family or friends who have air conditioning.
Heat Advisory—Take Action! A Heat Advisory is issued for dangerous heat conditions that are not expected to reach warning criteria. Consider postponing or rescheduling outdoor activities, especially during the heat of the day. If you must be outside, be sure to drink plenty of water and take frequent breaks in the shade. Stay in a cool place, especially during the heat of the day and evening. [...] Each National Weather Service Forecast Office issues some or all of the following heat-related products as conditions warrant. NWS local offices often collaborate with local partners to determine when an alert should be issued for a local area. For instance, residents of Florida are much more prepared for 90°F+ weather than residents in Alaska.
🟠 NWS HeatRisk
| Category | Risk of Heat-Related Impacts |
--- |
| Green 0 | Little to no risk from expected heat. |
| Yellow 1 | Minor - Primarily affects those who are extremely sensitive to heat and without cooling/hydration. |
| Orange 2 | Moderate - Affects those who are sensitive to heat, especially those without cooling/hydration, and some health systems and industries. |
| Red 3 | Major - Affects anyone without cooling/hydration as well as health systems and industries. |
| Magenta 4 | Extreme - Rare and/or long-duration extreme heat with no overnight relief affecting anyone without cooling/hydration as well as health systems, industries, and infrastructure. |
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#### NOTICE
Minor differences between HeatRisk forecasts provided by local forecast offices and this web page may occasionally be seen due to intermittent dataflow issues. When HeatRisk data is unavailable from a local forecast office, HeatRisk values on this webpage are calculated using the latest best available forecast data.
#### HeatRisk Update [...] |
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#### Please see links below for more information about HeatRisk.
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#### Where can I go for more information on how to protect myself from heat?
🟡 Pakistan : crise météorologique sévère — tempêtes, glissements de terrain et inondations
Le Pakistan fait face à une crise météorologique sévère en 2026 avec des tempêtes dans la région Hazara, des glissements de terrain et des inondations à Karachi, provoquant une crise de santé mentale.
🟡 NWS - Watch, Warning, Advisory Display
# NWS - Watch, Warning, Advisory Display
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🟡 The 2026 Southwest U.S. heat wave was one of the six most astonishing weather events of the century » Yale Climate Connections
#### 6. The most extreme weather event of the 21st century: The mid-March 2022 heat wave in East Antarctica
Even though virtually nobody was there to experience it first hand except perhaps a handful of scientists and technicians, the lonely expanse of East Antarctica was the setting for the planet’s most extreme regional weather event so far this century. This incredible warming event occurred just as the near-constant sunshine of summer – when temperatures are still frigid but far warmer than in winter – was about to switch abruptly to months of darkness. [...] Since 2012, research on attribution of extreme events has become more widespread and the techniques more varied, and of course, global warming itself has intensified. Already, rapid-response analyses of the March 2026 heat wave from Climate Central and World Weather Attribution have concluded that the overall extremity of the heat wave would have been virtually impossible without human-caused climate change. [...] Perhaps even more concerning was Des Jardins’ analysis in part two of her series, “Why the Ridge Keeps Coming Back: The Structural Shift Behind Western Heat Domes.” She wrote, “The March 2026 heat dome was not a bolt from the blue. It was the most extreme pulse in a winter-long pattern that locked the western United States into warmth and the East into cold for months. That warm-West/cool-East dipole has become a recurring feature of North American winters over the past decade, and a growing body of research suggests that the winter atmospheric circulation over North America appears to have shifted, driven by greenhouse-gas forced changes in the jet stream. The atmosphere has been restructured in a way that favors extreme ridges over the West.”
🟡 [PDF] HEAT SAFETY - National Weather Service
Excessive Heat Warning An Excessive Heat Warning, sometimes preceded by an Excessive Heat Watch, is typically issued within one to three days of the onset of extremely dangerous heat conditions and remains in effect until the extreme danger subsides. Certainty is high that the event will occur.
Heat Advisory A Heat Advisory is typically issued within one to three days of the onset of dangerous heat and remains in effect until the danger subsides. These conditions pose a lesser, but still dangerous, risk to communities. Certainty is high that conditions will occur. [...] National Weather Service HEAT SAFETY FOR YOU AND YOUR FAMILY DURING A HEAT WAVE 9 9 Slow down: Reduce, eliminate or reschedule strenuous activities until the coolest time of the day. Children, seniors and anyone with health concerns should stay in the coolest available place, not necessarily indoors.
9 9 Dress for summer: Wear lightweight, loose-fitting, light-colored clothing to reflect heat.
9 9 Eat light: Choose easy-to-digest foods such as fruit or salads. If you pack food, put it in a cooler or carry an ice pack. Meats and dairy products can spoil quickly in hot weather. [...] Heat Index temperatures shaded in red indicate extreme danger. The National Weather Service utilizes the Heat Index in many parts of the country to determine when and where to issue heat alerts. 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 40 80 81 83 85 88 91 94 97 101 105 109 114 119 124 130 136 45 80 82 84 87 89 93 96 100 104 109 114 119 124 130 137 50 81 83 85 88 91 95 99 103 108 113 118 124 131 137 55 81 84 86 89 93 97 101 106 112 117 124 130 137 60 82 84 88 91 95 100 105 110 116 123 129 137 65 82 85 89 93 98 103 108 114 121 128 136 70 83 86 90 95 100 105 112 119 126 134 75 84 88 92 97 103 109 116 124 132 80 84 89 94 100 106 113 121 129 85 85 90 96 102 110 117 126 135 90 86 91 98 105 113 122 131 95 86 93 100 108 117 127 100 87 95 103 112 121 132 TEMPERATURE ( F ) NWS Heat
🟡 How to stay safe during heat waves – and heat stroke warning signs to watch for
The Weather Prediction Center’s heat forecast, released June 22, shows the maximum heat risks states can expect to see at some point during the week of June 23-27, 2025. Credit: NOAA Weather Prediction Center
Even in places where heat is recognized as a dangerous health threat, people can be caught off guard as the thermometer creeps higher, on average, each year. In some cases, dangerous heat can arise quickly. In 2021, a young family died of heat stroke on a California trail after setting out for a hike when temperatures were still in the 70s Fahrenheit (low to mid 20s Celsius). [...] When heat-related illnesses progress into heat exhaustion, the situation is more serious. Heat exhaustion includes symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, excessive sweating, feeling weak, thirst and getting a headache.
Construction workers are often out in the heat for long periods of time, including during this heat wave in Los Angeles in July 2024. Etienne Laurent/AFP via Getty Images
Heat exhaustion is a signal that the body is losing its ability to maintain a stable core temperature. Immediate action such as moving to a cool, ideally air-conditioned space, drinking liquids, loosening clothes and applying wet cloths are some of the recommended steps that can help keep heat exhaustion from progressing to the most dangerous form of heat-related illness, heat stroke. [...] #### Have you read?
A more sophisticated measurement of heat effects on human health is what’s known as the wet-bulb globe temperature, which takes into account other variables, such as wind speed and cloud cover. Neither takes into account a person’s physical exertion, which also raises their body temperature, whether working at a construction site or playing soccer.
### Tips for staying safe in a heat wave
How can you stay cool when heat waves set in? The answer depends in part on where you are, but the main points are the same:
🟡 Protect Yourself From the Dangers of Extreme Heat | Climate and Health | CDC
If your body can't cool down properly it can cause #heat stress. Learn the warning signs:
#Heatwave Tip: Never leave #children or #pets alone in closed vehicles.
Working outside? Drink plenty of non-alcoholic fluid and take breaks often! #heatwave
Experiencing a #heatwave? Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
Be a good neighbor! Check on elderly neighbors who are at higher risk for heat-related illness.
Extreme heat can make you seriously ill. Know the signs and how to prevent illness.
Heat cramps, heat exhaustion & heat stroke—know the symptoms and what to do when they occur:
Sunburn can slow the skin's ability to release excess #heat. Avoid sun exposure and remember sunscreen! [...] Air Now
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### Multimedia
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#### Before:
Extreme #heat can be a serious threat to your health. Learn the warning signs:
Temperatures are rising! Share @CDCgov infographic on how to beat the #heat.
#### During:
Experiencing extreme #heat in your area? Drink more water than usual and don't wait until you're thirsty:
Extreme #heat in the forecast? Check on elderly neighbors who are at higher risk for heat-related illness:
Did you know that sunburn can slow the skin's ability to release excess #heat? More heat safety tips: [...] Social Media Graphic: Beat the Heat. Stay informed. Check your local news for extreme heat alerts and safety tips.
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Extreme Heat and Your Health
Learn how to protect yourself and others from extreme heat.
Preventing Heat-Related Illness
Learn tips for staying safe during extreme heat.
Symptoms of Heat-Related Illnesses
Learn the symptoms and what to do if you or others shows signs of having a heat-related illness.
### CDC Related Links
Heat and Health Tracker
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🔴 Epidemiological alerts and updates - PAHO/WHO | Pan American Health Organization
# Epidemiological alerts and updates
The Epidemiological Alerts are released in order to provide information about the occurrence of international public health events which have implications or could have implications for the countries and territories of the Americas; as well as recommendations issued by the Pan American Health Organization.
The Epidemiological Updates are released as new information becomes available regarding events previously shared through Epidemiological Alerts.
The Epidemiological Alerts and Updates are primarily of events caused by infectious agents, although they may also be of events concerning contaminated goods, food safety, or of chemical or radionuclear origin, per the provisions of theInternational Health Regulations (IHR (2005)). [...] These releases complement the WHO Diseases Outbreak News, which refer to worldwide events of public health.
Epidemiological Update Pertussis (Whooping Cough) in the Americas Region - 25 March 2026
Epidemiological Alert: Yellow fever in the Americas Region - 13 March 2026.
Epidemiological Update - Avian Influenza A(H5N1) in the Americas Region - 11 March 2026
Epidemiological Alert: Misuse of GLP-1 receptor agonist medications and considerations for the Americas Region - 27 February 2026
Epidemiological Update Dengue in the Americas Region - 18 February 2026
Epidemiological alert Chikungunya - 10 February 2026
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🟠 Rougeole : explosion des cas dans les Amériques — hausse de 4300% par rapport à 2025
1 031 cas confirmés dans 7 pays (dont 740 au Mexique, 171 aux USA, 67 au Canada) en 3 semaines — 43 fois plus que la même période en 2025. 78% des cas sont non vaccinés. Alerte renforcée avant la Coupe du Monde FIFA 2026.
🟠 Six years after COVID-19's global alarm: Is the world better prepared ...
the Pandemic Fund, cofounded and implemented by WHO and the World Bank, has provided grant funding totalling over US$ 1.2 billion in its first three rounds, which has helped catalyse an additional US$ 11 billion that has so far supported 67 projects in 98 countries across 6 regions, to expand surveillance, lab networks, workforce training and multisectoral coordination;
WHO’s Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence launched a major update of the Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources (EIOS) system, leveraging AI to support more than 110 countries in identifying and reacting to new threats faster; [...] the historic WHO Pandemic Agreement was adopted in May 2025, setting out a truly comprehensive approach to pandemic prevention, preparedness and response that improves both global health security and global health equity. Its conclusion demonstrated the strength of multilateralism. Members States are now negotiating the Pathogen Access and Benefits Sharing (PABS) system annex to the WHO Pandemic Agreement ahead of this year’s World Health Assembly. Its adoption would open the Pandemic Agreement for signature, and entry into force as international law;
amendments to the International Health Regulations (IHR) to strengthen national capacities entered into force in September 2025; [...] However, at the same time, no, because the progress made is fragile and uneven, and more still needs to be done to keep humanity safe.
## Progress since COVID-19
“The pandemic taught all of us many lessons – especially that global threats demand a global response,” WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told today’s opening of the 158th session of the Executive Board. “Solidarity is the best immunity.”
Applying lessons learned from COVID-19, WHO, Member States, and partners have delivered significant advances in pandemic preparedness, prevention and response, including:
🟡 Grippe aviaire A(H9N2) : cas humain détecté en Italie chez un voyageur du Sénégal
L'OMS rapporte un cas humain de grippe aviaire A(H9N2) en Italie chez un homme revenant du Sénégal. La transmission interhumaine reste improbable mais la surveillance est renforcée.
🟡 Mpox : virus recombinant (clades Ib et IIb) en circulation mondiale
L'OMS surveille un virus mpox recombinant combinant des éléments des clades Ib et IIb, circulant via des réseaux sexuels interconnectés dans de nombreux pays. La surveillance et le séquençage génomique sont recommandés.
🟡 Choléra : épidémies actives en RDC et au Mozambique
L'OMS Afrique signale des épidémies de choléra actives en République Démocratique du Congo et au Mozambique, avec une crise humanitaire au Soudan du Sud qui aggrave la situation.
🟡 Outbreak News | TEPHINET
HealthMap, a team of researchers, epidemiologists and software developers at Boston Children's Hospital founded in 2006, is an established global leader in utilizing online informal sources for disease outbreak monitoring and real-time surveillance of emerging public health threats. The freely available Web site 'healthmap.org' and mobile app 'Outbreaks Near Me' deliver real-time intelligence on a broad range of emerging infectious diseases including libraries, local health departments, governments, and international travelers.
WHO Disease Outbreak News is an integrated global alert and response system for epidemics and other public health emergencies based on strong national public health systems and capacity and an effective international system for coordinated response. [...] 1. Home
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Outbreak News
# Outbreak News
These resources provide news and updates on disease outbreaks and epidemics. Do you have one to add to our list? Send it to us at secretariat@tephinet.org.
Outbreak News Today is a new health and disease “magazine” news website focused on the latest news and information pertaining to infectious diseases. Non- communicable diseases and other health news is also covered. The website breaks down the latest news by area of the globe for easy searching. [...] CDC Current Outbreak Listdisplays infectious disease outbreaks currently being reported on by CDC. Listings include those outbreaks for which content is currently published on the CDC website.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)is the CDC's primary vehicle for scientific publication of public health information and recommendations. The data in the weekly MMWR are based on weekly reports to CDC by state health departments.
ECDC Communicable Disease Threat Reportis a weekly bulletin for epidemiologists and health professionals on active public health threats.
🟡 MSK Library Guides: Critical Care Medicine: Current Disease Outbreaks & Emergencies
##### Live Tissue Associated TB Outbreak
On July 7, 2023, a state health department notified CDC that an otherwise healthy adult experienced symptoms of meningitis 5 weeks after spinal fusion surgery that incorporated a bone allograft product containing live cells;_Mycobacterium tuberculosis_ was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid. [...] Outbreaks have occurred globally, and there have been recently reported cases in New York City and neighboring states (Pennsylvania and New Jersey).
Despite the United States having declared measles “eliminated” in 2000, outbreaks have continued to occur, including one involving hundreds of cases in New York State as recently as 2019.
Providers should be on alert for patients who have
Measles is one of the most contagious infections and individuals are contagious from four days before to four days after rash onset.
Report patients with suspected measles immediately to the local health department of the patient’s residence. [...] This second nationwide TB outbreak in 2023 was detected when clinicians in two states recognized similarities to the 2021 outbreak and reported their concerns to their respective health departments, thereby initiating a rapid public health response that prevented as many as 53 additional surgical procedures with the implicated bone allograft material. Before the 2021 TB outbreak, which involved 113 recipients in 18 states, bone allograft–related _M. tuberculosis_ transmission had last been reported in the United Kingdom in 1953.
🟡 Reach Resources | WHO Health Alert
Self-help interventions include:
Quit: a 42-day smoking cessation programme to support people through daily guidance, motivation, and craving management. Available in seven languages.
Well-being challenge: a modular, gamified course covering stress management, movement and healthy eating, designed for vulnerable groups with limited access to health information.
Alerts: Weekly updates and important real-time alerts that amplify the reach of WHO’s key messaging — ensuring priority health information and urgent updates reach citizens at scale. These alerts are often targeted to regions experiencing natural disasters, disease outbreaks, or conflict.
## HealthWorker Plus for healthcare workers
This is a dedicated offering that includes: [...] REACH logo in white text with a stylized horizontal line on a dark background.
REACH logo in white text with a stylized horizontal line on a dark background.
WHO Health Alert
# WHO Health Alert
Improving daily health habits through mobile microlearning
Case Studies
September 15, 2025
Project Name
WHO Health Alert
Country
Global
# Impact
Reach
Active Users
When the COVID-19 pandemic struck, misinformation spread faster than the virus itself. People everywhere were left uncertain about how to protect themselves and their families. To counter this, the World Health Organization (WHO), in partnership with Reach Digital Health and messaging platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook Messenger, launched WHO Health Alert. [...] This is a dedicated offering that includes:
Fact sheets, courses, and quizzes to build core clinical and communication skills.
Guidance on health conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.
Access to the Quit programme and Well-Being Challenge.
Talk to Connect: a free course launched in 2025 to strengthen communication with patients and communities, improving patient quality of care.
Four practical modules: non-verbal communication, asking good questions, active listening, and supporting patients to make confident health decisions.
Regular alerts on emerging health risks and updates from WHO.
## Well-being challenge
🟡 WHO Health Emergency Dashboard
The WHO Health Emergency Dashboard is not a comprehensive representation of all the events and emergencies that WHO is aware of and responding to. The events displayed are a subset of those reported through official channels as mandated by the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005). The content of the WHO Health Emergency Dashboard is for general information only. It is subject to change without notice. While every reasonable effort has been made to make the information on the WHO Health Emergency Dashboard as timely and accurate as possible, WHO makes no claims, promises or guarantees about the effectiveness, completeness and accuracy of the contents of the WHO Health Emergency Dashboard, and expressly disclaims any liability for damages as a result of the use and/or application of [...] The size of the pie charts corresponds to the number of events in a given country or territory; the size does not indicate the severity or risk associated with the event(s). The designations employed and the presentation of content on the WHO Health Emergency Dashboard, including names of the events, maps and other illustrative materials, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of frontiers and borders. [...] for damages as a result of the use and/or application of the WHO Health Emergency Dashboard, errors and/or omissions in the content. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the content lies with the reader. WHO reserves the right to make updates and changes to posted content without notice and accepts no liability for any errors or omissions in this regard. WHO assumes no responsibility or liability for any consequence resulting directly or indirectly from any action or inaction readers take based on or made in reliance on the information and material available on the WHO Health Emergency Dashboard. While every reasonable effort has been made to use appropriate language and pictures on the WHO Health Emergency Dashboard, WHO expressly disclaims any responsibility for
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🟡 WHO COVID-19 dashboard - WHO Data
| COVID-19 case data | From the 31 December 2019 to the 21 March 2020, WHO collected the numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths through official communications under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), complemented by monitoring the official ministries of health websites and social media accounts. Since 22 March 2020, global data is compiled through WHO region-specific dashboards, and/or aggregate count data reported to WHO headquarters. WHO COVID-19 Dashboard is updated every Tuesday for the period of two full weeks prior. Counts primarily reflect laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths, based upon WHO case definitions; although some departures may exist due to local adaptations. Counts include both domestic and repatriated cases. Case detection, definitions, testing [...] Additionally, WHO only disseminates data as reported by its Member States. From the 31 December 2019 to the 21 March 2020, WHO collected the numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths through official communications under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), complemented by monitoring the official ministries of health websites and social media accounts. [...] In the context of WHO's statistical reporting of COVID-19 data, it is important to note that only confirmed cases are included in case and death counts. In guidance updated on 22 July 2023; there are two alternative definitions for 'Confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 infection' in international surveillance reporting, although some departures may exist due to local adaptations:
a) A person with a positive Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT), regardless of clinical criteria OR epidemiological criteria.
b) A person meeting clinical criteria AND/OR epidemiological criteria (suspect case A) with a positive professional-use or self-test SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-RDT.
🟡 Surveillance and Data Analytics
Hospitalization rate per 100,000 population
## 0.4
Week ending 2026-04-04
Previous week 0.7
Skip Over Chart Container
% of All Deaths in U.S. Due to COVID-19
## 0.3%
Week ending 2026-04-04
Previous Week 0.3%
Skip Over Chart Container
### COVID-19 Death Rates
## Additional COVID-19 Data and Visualizations
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET)
COVID-NET monitors COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among children and adults in the U.S.
COVIDVaxView
Survey results at the national and state level monitoring COVID-19 vaccination uptake and confidence
COVID-19 Data from the National Center for Health Statistics
NCHS provides timely data on deaths, mental health, access to health care, telemedicine, and more
🟡 [PDF] Identifying the Root Causes of Drug Shortages and Finding ...
manufacturers to develop current drug shortage action plans that help prevent, identify, and actively respond to drug shortage situations. [...] inter-agency coordination to mitigate risk and reduce the likelihood of shortage situations; • Enhance transparency requirements for drug shortage information to ensure that all stakeholders take the most effective steps toward addressing drug shortages; • Integrate FDA drug shortage list with ASHP’s national industry list; • Strengthen Title X of FDASIA to require notifications to include disclosure of the source of the disruption, extent of the shortage, and expected duration of the shortage; • Improve the regulatory violation process for current good manufacturing practices by shortening turnaround times and improving and standardizing processes of FDA reviews to identify problems prior to shutting down facilities; • Require manufacturers to develop current drug shortage action plans [...] shortage of generic injectable opioids. A Drug Shortage Point Person will streamline needed communication and cooperation among stakeholders such as the HHS, DEA, FEMA, VA, CMS, FDA, DOD and other stakeholders. © 2018 | Premier Inc. | CONFIDENTIAL | 121 API or Raw Material Shortages Issue Examples • Over 80% of API and raw materials required for drug manufacturing are manufactured overseas.5 The heavy reliance on foreign manufacturing of API and raw materials results in downstream drug shortages when a foreign manufacturer fails to meet cGMP or exits the market. • The extent and duration of API or raw material shortages is unknown and results in downstream impact on hoarding and the gray market.
🟡 Drug Shortages - FDA
Drug Shortages can occur for many reasons, including manufacturing and quality problems, delays, and discontinuations. Manufacturers provide FDA most drug shortage information, and the agency works closely with them to prevent or reduce the impact of shortages. When a shortage is listed as current on the Drug Shortage Database, the FDA is aware of the supply situation and is working with the manufactures on efforts to mitigate the supply disruption. FDA also continue to work with manufacturers on shortage prevention efforts for drugs not yet listed on the Drug Shortage Database.
Current and resolved drug
shortages and discontinuations.
Search Drug Shortage Database
List of extended use dates to
assist with drug shortages.
Search Extended Use Dates [...] ### Public portal for patients, healthcare providers, and organizations to report NEW shortages
When a medication is not available, it can be helpful to make FDA's Drug Shortages staff aware. Usually when a drug is not in stock, it's a temporary, localized issue and more product is on the way. Occasionally local supply issues can be a signal of a future drug shortage.
When FDA receives reports of new local shortages, we contact the manufacturers to confirm if their available supply will meet the national demand for the drug. If a drug is at risk of going into shortage, sometimes this advanced notice helps FDA take early action to prevent or shorten the duration of a shortage.
To use the public portal:
🟢
Disease outbreak - Wikipedia
In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease when cases are in excess of normal expectancy for the location or season. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. The number of cases varies according to the disease-causing agent, and the size and type of previous and existing exposure to the agent. Outbreaks include many epidemics, which is a term normally only used for infectious diseases, as well as diseases with an environmental origin, such as a water or foodborne disease. They may affect a region in a country or a group of countries. Pandemics are near-global disease outbreaks when multiple and various countries around the Earth are soon infected.
## Definition
[edit] [...] ## Condition for declaring an outbreak over
[edit]
By convention, a communicable disease outbreak is declared over when a period of twice the incubation period of the infectious disease has elapsed without identification of any new case, however, for organisms with a short incubation period (e.g. fewer than ten days), a period of three times the incubation period is preferred.
## Outbreak legislation
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sudden increase in occurrences of a disease
"Outbreak" redirects here. For other uses, see Outbreak (disambiguation) "Outbreak (disambiguation)").
Difference between outbreak, endemic "Endemic (epidemiology)"), epidemic and pandemic
🟢
Recent Outbreaks - Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases
# Recent Outbreaks
## United States
November 2016- Chikungunya (alpha virus)– Puerto Rico (In humans).
Same-time outbreaks: Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, South America, Fiji
A declared outbreak in the Philippines also with 400 cases
Viral transmission through mosquito bite and has no current vaccine or drug
Most common symptoms are fever and joint pain [...] October 2015- Rabies in Wyoming, USA (In humans).
A 77 year old woman was bitten by a bat, and contracted rabies.
This was the first human case in the state.
Read more about the Rabies case.
Read more about rabies.
September 2015- Salmonella Outbreak in Minnesota, USA Chipotle restaurants (In humans).
45 people were reported sick, ranging from the of 15-67.
Of the 45 people, five were hospitalized.
Read more about Salmonella.
This is unrelated to the cucumber salmonella outbreak.
September 2015- Listeriosis outbreak across multiple states linked to Soft Cheeses that are distributed by Karoun Dairies inc (In humans). Image 1
Listeria bacteria retrieved from abcnews.go.com [...] ## Global
2020-present –SARS-CoV-2viral outbreak that spread globally within 1 year.
Caused COVID-19 disease, a respiratory illness
Spread quickly via respiratory droplets from infected individuals
Vaccine developed in 2021
Learn more about the COVID-19 outbreak.
March 2014-present- Ebola in West Africa (in humans).
The amount of Ebola cases as of October 8th, 2015
Total (includes suspected probable, and confirmed): 28,463
Laboratory-Confirmed Cases- 15,239
Total deaths- 11,312
There were 4 cases in the US
Two of the cases were imported
This includes 1 death
Two of the cases were acquired in healthcare workers
🟢
California Department of Public Health
### New Measles Cases Reported in Sacramento Region
CDPH Health Alert- March 6, 2026:This health alert is issued to inform healthcare providers about six cases of measles identified in Sacramento and Placer County represent the third outbreak of measles in California in 2026. Physicians and other healthcare workers should have heightened awareness for the presentation of measles. They should be prepared to implement infection control practices and coordinating with public health to reduce the spread of measles. Vaccination remains the best way to reduce the impact of measles.
### Update on Bicillin® L-A (penicillin G benzathine injectable suspension) Shortage: Inventory Review and Clinical Guidance-Shortage-Inventory-Review-and-Clinical-Guidance.aspx) [...] Recent
/SupportHome.aspx)
Contact Us
# California Health Alert Network (CAHAN)
The California Health Alert Network (CAHAN) is the official public health alerting and notification program for California. CAHAN is designed for emergency preparedness information sharing, distribution of pertinent public health related events and alerting materials, dissemination of treatment and prevention guidelines, coordinated disease investigation efforts, preparedness planning and other initiatives that strengthen state and local preparedness. The priority health communication distribution through the health communication system is ranked into three different levels of communications based on noted definitions. [...] ### Increase of Measles in California
CDPH Health Alert- February 2, 2026:This health advisory is issued to remind healthcare providers about the importance of immunization and prompt diagnostic suspicion of measles in limiting its spread in California. CDPH recommends that providers have a high degree of suspicion for measles in those presenting with a fever and rash. If suspecting measles, providers should isolate the patient, contact their local health department and test for measles. Timely immunization is especially important prior to international travel.
### New World Screwworm: Outbreak Moves into Northern Mexico
🟢
Global COVID-19 Tracker - KFF
This tracker provides the cumulative number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, as well as the rate of daily COVID-19 cases and deaths by country, income, region, and globally. It will be updated weekly, as new data are released. As of March 7, 2023, all data on COVID-19 cases and deaths are drawn from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Prior to March 7, 2023, this tracker relied on data provided by the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Coronavirus Resource Center’s COVID-19 Map, which ended on March 10, 2023. Please see the Methods tab for more detailed information on data sources and notes. To prevent slow load times, the tracker only contains data from the last 200 days. However, the full data set can be downloaded from our GitHub page. While the [...] Note: The data in this tool were corrected on March 18, 2024, to clarify that they represent new cases and deaths over a full week rather than the average per day over a seven-day period.
## Policy Actions
This tracker contains information on policy measures currently in place to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy categories currently being tracked include social distancing & closure measures, economic measures, and health systems measures. Policies are tracked at the country-, income-, and region-level. Please see the Methods tab for more detailed information on data sources and notes.
### Social Distancing and Closure Measures [...] Global COVID-19 Policy Actions
## Methods
### Cases and Deaths
SOURCES
As of March 7, 2023, all data on COVID-19 cases and deaths are drawn from the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. Prior to March 7, 2023, this tracker relied on data provided by the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Coronavirus Resource Center’s COVID-19 Map, which ends on March 10, 2023. Population data are obtained from the United Nations World Population Prospects using 2021 total population estimates. Income-level classifications are obtained from the latest World Bank Country and Lending Groups. Regional classifications are obtained from the World Health Organization.
### Policy Actions
NOTES
🟢
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Cases
Image 13
# Confirmed deaths and cases: our data source.
We make the data in our charts and tables downloadable as complete and structured CSV, XLSX, and JSON files on GitHub.
From 31 December 2019, the WHO has published updates on confirmed cases and deaths on its dashboard for all countries. From 31 December 2019 to 21 March 2020, this data was sourced through official communications under the International Health Regulations (IHR, 2005), complemented by publications on official ministries of health websites and social media accounts. Since 22 March 2020, the data has been compiled through WHO region-specific dashboards or direct reporting to WHO.
The WHO updates its data once per week.
# Cases of COVID-19: background explains.2 [...] Related articles:
How epidemiological models of COVID-19 help us estimate the true number of infections
Our World in Data will rely on data from the WHO to track confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths
How to read the famous coronavirus trajectory chart — video explainer
## What is the daily number of confirmed cases? GISAID’s Role in Pandemic Response. China CDC Weekly, 3(49): 1049-1051. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.255 PMCID: 8668406_
_Elbe, S. and Buckland-Merrett, G. (2017) Data, disease and diplomacy: GISAID’s innovative contribution to global health. Global Challenges, 1:33-46. doi:10.1002/gch2.1018 PMCID: 31565258_
_Shu, Y. and McCauley, J. (2017) GISAID: from vision to reality. EuroSurveillance, 22(13) doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30494 PMCID: PMC5388101_ [...] Botswana
- [x]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
- [x]
Bonaire Sint Eustatius and Saba
- [x]
Bolivia
- [x]
Bhutan
- [x]
Bermuda
- [x]
Benin
- [x]
Belize
- [x]
Belgium
- [x]
Belarus
- [x]
Barbados
- [x]
Bangladesh
- [x]
Bahrain
- [x]
Bahamas
- [x]
Azerbaijan
- [x]
Austria
- [x]
Australia
- [x]
Asia excl. China
- [x]
Asia
- [x]
Aruba
- [x]
Armenia
- [x]
Argentina
- [x]
Antigua and Barbuda
- [x]
Anguilla
- [x]
Angola
- [x]
Andorra
- [x]
American Samoa
- [x]
Algeria
- [x]
Albania
- [x]
Africa
- [x]
Afghanistan
Clear selection
# Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people, Mar 1, 2020 to Feb 22, 2026
🟢
Analysis of Drug Shortages, 2018-2023
in our estimates of drug shortage †† We extracted all 39 available archives of the file, spanning December 29, 2019, to December 21, 2023. ‡‡ We used 84 historical versions of the drug shortage webpage (spanning January 9, 2018, to December 1, 2022) to extract 13,040 individual webpages that listed specific drugs in shortage and their 11-digit NDCs. §§ The seven categories included: increase in demand for the drug, shortage of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), manufacturing delay, quality control issues or regulatory issues, discontinuation of a drug, shipping delay, or other. Data Brief – 5 duration. We also included them in our count of ongoing shortages in a given month if the drug had not yet been delisted as of that month. In 6.4 percent of cases (n = 140 products), a [...] include shortages of drugs under the jurisdiction of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) because we could not estimate the shortage resolution date. Data Brief – 4 METHODS AND DATA SOURCES Drug Shortages Data In certain circumstances, drug manufacturers are required to notify FDA when a drug shortage begins or is expected to begin.10 To inform the public of the shortage, FDA provides (a) a downloadable drug shortage Excel file that it first published in December 2019,1 and (b) a webpage that lists all ongoing and recently resolved shortages, with links to separate pages containing 11-digit NDCs involved in each shortage.2 FDA removes drugs from its shortage list six months after the shortage resolves.11 FDA posts notifications of discontinuations of production that do [...] important, as the number of ongoing drug shortages has risen since 2017.4 A 2019 report by the interagency, FDA-led Drug Shortages Taskforce identified several economic forces as the root causes of drug shortages.5 The first is related to profitability. Many shortages occur in markets with generic drug competition. Once a brand drug loses its patent rights and all FDA-granted exclusivities, generic drug manufacturers enter the market and drive prices down. This gradually erodes profits for all market participants (brand and generic combined) and, in the long run, can lead to insufficient economic incentives for manufacturers to enter or remain in those markets. Some drug suppliers eventually exit the market, leaving the supply chain less diversified and more prone to drug shortages. When
🟢
Drug Shortages: Root Causes and Recommended Solutions
Page 1 Drug Shortages: Root Causes and Recommended Solutions With McKesson’s deep expertise in pharmaceutical distribution, supply chain analytics, and market access dynamics, we are committed to helping address the multitude of issues contributing to drug shortages. While each drug shortage is unique, we can build supply chain resiliency by understanding root causes and deploying targeted solutions to enhance the reimbursement and market access landscape, incentivize supply preservation programs, and improve supply chain visibility. Introduction Drug shortages can prevent or delay access to necessary treatments, disrupting medical care and compromising patient health. The average drug shortage impacts at least half a million patients. Of those impacted, one-third are over the age of 651. [...] are among the most common drivers of shortages. Limited production capacity for injectables, highly potent compounds, and complex formulations can impact supply of these products. In addition, quality-related issues such as product recalls due to inadequate manufacturing 6 ASHP. Drug Shortages Statistics. 7 “ASHP Guidelines on Managing Drug Product Shortages.” American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2018; 75: e593-601. 8 Food and Drug Administration. Tenth Annual Report on Drug Shortages. 2022. 9 “We Still Don’t Know Who Makes This Drug.” Health Affairs. February 7 20220. Currently in Shortage: Cisplatin Cisplatin is a generic oncology medicine used to treat a variety of cancers, with high manufacturing costs and razor thin margins. In February of 2023, Cisplatin fell into [...] opportunity for historically competitive, low margin drug classes and those which rely on a limited number of global manufacturers (e.g., two or less). Determining drugs eligible for such programs and the duration of such efforts is imperative. Initiatives must not generate misaligned incentives to create or maintain a drug shortage. Programs must have a clear guardrails and metrics to ensure market correction and program exploitation are prioritized. Efforts must be led through public-private partnerships between federal agencies (e.g., FDA, CMS) and key stakeholders across the supply chain, including but not limited to manufacturers, distributors, patient advocacy organizations, and impacted physician specialty organizations. We outline key opportunities below: • Enhance Medicare Access
🟢
Drug Shortage Resources – HSCA
logo
# Drug Shortage Resources
Home>Issues > Drug Shortage Resources
# Drug Shortage Resources
GPOs are industry leaders in addressing drug shortages. Below are helpful resources to learn more about drug shortages and stay up-to-date on drug shortage developments:
Drug Shortages Infographic – The FDA has put together an infographic to help inform people on drug shortages and how the FDA is working to prevent and responding to drug shortages.
FDA Drug Shortage Clearinghouse – Central location for all information pertaining to drug shortages from the FDA; including, general information about drug shortages and what the FDA is doing to mitigate them.
FDA Current Drug Shortage Index – The Drug Shortage Index is compiled from information provided to the FDA by manufacturers. [...] FDA Drug ShortageFAQ – Answers to the most frequently asked questions received by the Center for Drugs and Evaluation and Research (CDER) Drug Shortage Staff
FDA Drug Shortage App – The FDA developed an app that makes access to drug shortage information easier. The app allows users to identify drug shortages, both current and resolved, as well as information about discontinuations of drugs.
Drug Shortages: FDA’s Ability to Respond Should be Strengthened – The Government Accountability Office (GAO) 2015 Report on Drug Shortages
American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Resource Center – This resource center on drug shortages is offered by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists in an effort to keep their members up to date on drug shortage information. [...] Parenteral Drug Association Drug Shortage Resource Center – Parenteral Drug Association offers this resource center to connect regulators, developers, end users and patients and provide up to date drug shortage information.
For more information on GPO efforts to help combat critical prescription drug shortages, please visit www.drugshortage.org
For information on the HSCA’s approach to resolving drug shortages, click here.
For information on what others are saying about the causes of drug shortages, click here.
For more information on Physicians Against Drug Shortages or its Executive Director Phil Zweig, click here.
Cybersécurité & Infrastructure
RED
🔴 CISA : acteurs iraniens exploitent des automates industriels (PLC) dans les infrastructures critiques US
Le FBI et la CISA ont identifié un groupe APT iranien ciblant des automates programmables (PLC) exposés sur Internet dans les secteurs de l'eau, de l'énergie et des services gouvernementaux. Au moins 75 appareils compromis depuis mars 2026.
🔴 Stryker : 80 000 appareils effacés par le groupe iranien Handala via Microsoft Intune
Le groupe hacktiviste iranien Handala a compromis un seul compte administrateur Stryker et utilisé Microsoft Intune pour effacer à distance les systèmes d'exploitation de ~80 000 appareils Windows dans 79 pays.
🔴 Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure
Over the years, a wide range of sectors have become more reliant on industrial control systems – such as SCADA, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) and Distributed Control Systems - for monitoring processes and controlling physical devices, such as pumps, valves, motors, sensors etc.
The most high profile example of a cyber-attack against critical infrastructure is the Stuxnet computer virus. The worm, which targeted PLCs, disrupted the Iranian nuclear program by damaging centrifuges used to separate nuclear material.
The incident caused concern because Stuxnet could be adapted to attack the SCADA systems used by many critical infrastructure and manufacturing industries in Europe and the US. [...] As an example, he cites a cyber-attack against a New York City office block in which a hacker accessed the building management systems – which can control power, communications, security and environmental systems - via a connected vending machine. The building shutdown resulted in estimated damage of $350m from lost business, he says.
### IT systems more secure than industrial control systems
However, the security of industrial control systems and connected devices has fallen behind that of IT systems. Many of the connected devices used by industry are based on serial communication technology – which Edry likens to the beeps and squeals associated with the old-style internet dial-up. [...] In 2013, Iranian hackers breached the Bowman Avenue Dam in New York and gained control of the floodgates. Oil rigs, ships, satellites, airliners, airport and port systems are all thought to be vulnerable, and media reports suggest that breaches have occurred.
Cyber-attacks against critical infrastructure and key manufacturing industries have increased, according to US cyber-security officials at Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team (ICS-CERT), the US government body that helps companies investigate attacks against ICS and corporate networks.
It reported a 20% increase in cyber investigations in 2015, and a doubling of attacks against US critical manufacturing.
🔴 Top 5 cyberattacks on critical infrastructure
### Use case 2: Protecting critical infrastructure with an open network for IoT and remote access
Every connection to the Internet – be it a service, device, or user – presents a potential entry point for malicious actors into your network. Critical infrastructures today have countless entry points that cybercriminals can exploit. As seen in cases like the solar panel hack in the Netherlands, the Pennsylvania water system breach, or the Change Healthcare cyberattack in the USA, critical services exposed to the Internet face massive attack surfaces simply because they are accessible to millions of IoT devices and users on the public Internet. [...] Public institutions and critical infrastructures are quickly becoming top targets for cybercrime around the world, and this can have detrimental effects on the countries, organizations, and all people that rely on them. We’ve already seen how cyberattacks have been behind nationwide power outages, the disruption of healthcare services, and even acted as catalysts for invasions in the most extreme cases.
In this blog, we’ll explore why this is happening and what you can do about it as we look at the top 5 cyberattacks on critical infrastructure.
## Why are cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure? [...] ## Why are cyberattacks targeting critical infrastructure?
For years, cyberattacks have been targeting individuals and companies, hoping to catch them unprepared and mine for sensitive data. However, cybercrime is evolving and has identified new opportunities for profit in the process.
People, as well as infrastructures, have become increasingly more reliant on connectivity. Developments like remote work and the IoT revolution have only hastened this trend towards interconnectedness, opening more doors for cybercriminals to strike.
🟠 Corée du Nord : attaque supply-chain sur Axios npm (70M téléchargements/semaine)
Des acteurs nord-coréens ont publié des versions malveillantes de la librairie Axios (70M téléchargements/semaine) contenant un RAT. L'attaque a duré ~3 heures avant détection. Microsoft et Google ont confirmé l'attribution.
🟠 Microsoft Patch Tuesday avril 2026 : 167 failles, dont 2 zero-days
Microsoft publie des correctifs pour 167 vulnérabilités dont 2 zero-days exploitées activement, incluant 93 élévations de privilèges et 21 exécutions de code à distance.
🟠 Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure: Guide & Risks
A physical security breach is the unauthorized access into a restricted area or facility or the theft or damage of assets, such as valuable equipment or sensitive data. Security breaches involve the use of force entry, exploiting vulnerabilities in equipment and door locking systems or social engineering.
A cyberattack is an attempt to gain unauthorized access to computer systems, equipment and digital networks, to steal, tamper with or release sensitive information, or disrupt general operations.
Recent cyberattacks on critical infrastructure include an incident where a ransomware attack caused the shutdown of the largest fuel pipeline in the U.S., resulting in widespread fuel shortages and price increases. [...] 1. Conduct regular risk assessments: Identifying vulnerabilities and physical and cyber threats to critical infrastructure is critical. Perform regular risk assessments that integrate physical security, cybersecurity, OT security and human factors to pinpoint single points of failure, evaluate risk levels and prioritize remediation efforts.
2. Develop and implement incident response plans: Establish clear, well-documented procedures that focus on detection, containment, eradication, recovery and post-incident analysis, and clearly define roles, responsibilities, communication protocols and escalation paths. [...] 3. Foster strong public-private partnerships: Effective physical/cyber security for critical infrastructure hinges on strong partnerships with government agencies, law enforcement and private sector organizations. Such partnerships are vital for intelligence sharing and exchanging best practices.
4. Train employees and raise awareness: Staff must be able to identify and respond to physical security and cyber threats to critical infrastructure. Consistent awareness campaigns, simulations and security drills help create a strong security-conscious culture.
🟠 Biggest Data Breaches in US History (Updated 2025) - UpGuard
Image 28
### 22. Equifax
Date: September 2017
Impact: 148 million Americans (163 million worldwide)
Equifax, one of the big three credit reporting agencies (TransUnion, Experian, Equifax) in the US, reported a major data breach in 2017, which impacted the personal data of 148 million US citizens. As a company that handles extremely sensitive data, Equifax came under fire due to its negligence and poor security posture. [...] On one of the busiest shopping days of the year, Target became a victim of a third-party data breach during Black Friday 2013. Even with a security system in place, any organization with vulnerable third parties can put itself at high risk for a data breach or cyber attack. In this case, Target used a portal through which third-party vendors could access their data. However, in doing so, this created a vulnerability in which third parties could access Target’s own network.
This major data breach allowed the cybercriminals to steal over 41 million credit and debit card records and 70 million customer records. Managing third-party risk should be at the forefront of every company’s cybersecurity practices. All it takes is one compromised third party to infiltrate the entire network. [...] Date: May 2019
Impact:885 million file records leaked
In 2019, First American Financial Corp. suffered a major data leak due to poor data security measures and faulty website design. Although this incident was labeled a data leak instead of a breach (no hacking involved), it shows just how easily sensitive information can fall into the wrong hands.
Due to a website design error called Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR), access to private information was allowed without needing verification or authentication procedures. As a result, anyone with a link to the documents could view them freely. On top of that, because First American logged their records in sequential order, users could simply change the number in the URL to view other customer records.
🟠 The Largest Data Breaches in U.S. History | Spanning
chart3-hacking-unauthorized-access-accounted-for-majority-of-data-breaches-2019-IR-10-2020
To profile the most significant data breaches of U.S. companies, researchers at Spanning analyzed data from the Identity Theft Resource Center and the Federal Trade Commission, while also reviewing major news reports. Data breaches were defined as any unauthorized exposure to a company’s records, and incidents were ordered based on the total number of records exposed. [...] Between 2013 and 2019, companies involved in social networking and media, such as Yahoo and Facebook, were the most vulnerable to data breaches. For these companies, data breaches were most likely to occur through hacking and intrusion or accidental internet exposure. Emails, passwords, and other personal information were the most frequently compromised types of information. Here are the 10 largest data breaches of U.S. companies.
## The 10 Largest Data Breaches of U.S. Companies
10-social-network-scheme-IR-10-2020
### 10. MySpace (2016)
09-women-selfie-IR-10-2020
### 9. FriendFinder Networks (2016)
TRENDING
Our Google Workspace Backup solution protects your organization’s entire Google Workspace domain, including Gmail, Drive, Calendars, Contacts, and Sites. [...] Data breaches often compromise a company’s most sensitive records. The majority of data breaches stem from hacking and intrusion cases and unauthorized access to records, which comprised more than 75 percent of all data breaches in 2019. On the other hand, employee error and negligence accounted for less than 11 percent of data breaches in 2019. However, with an increase in at-home and remote work, breaches stemming from a lack of employee knowledge or training is now more of a priority among employers.
RELATED Hackers aren’t the only threat to your business’ data-employee negligence can also cause irreparable damage. Protect your business’s Microsoft 365 and SharePoint data with our comprehensive, automated Microsoft 365 Backup solution.
🟠 2026 Data Breaches: Cybersecurity Incidents Explained - PKWARE
## Match Group
Image 12: Prevent Exposure Before it HappensThe family of Match dating apps finishes out the list of the major 2026 data breaches in January.ShinyHunters was also the cyber criminal in this case. The group claimed they have millions of documents, while Match called it a "security incident" that is still under investigation.
Scale of breach: 10 million records
Data exposed: User and corporate data
Breach cause: According to ShinyHunters dark web leak site, it cited AppsFlyer as the entry point.AppsFlyer is a marketing analytics company for apps.
Breach report:_The Register_published a review of the breach and exposures.
#### _Key Lessons_ [...] ## Match Group
Image 20: Prevent Exposure Before it HappensThe family of Match dating apps finishes out the list of the major 2026 data breaches in January.ShinyHunters was also the cyber criminal in this case. The group claimed they have millions of documents, while Match called it a "security incident" that is still under investigation.
Scale of breach: 10 million records
Data exposed: User and corporate data
Breach cause: According to ShinyHunters dark web leak site, it cited AppsFlyer as the entry point.AppsFlyer is a marketing analytics company for apps.
Breach report:_The Register_published a review of the breach and exposures.
#### _Key Lessons_
🟠 List of data breaches - Wikipedia
139. ^Porterfield, Elaine (9 May 2013). "Washington State system hacked, data of thousands at risk". _Reuters_. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
140. ^"Washington State Courts - Data Breach Information - Home Page". _wa.gov_.
141. ^Spadafora, Anthony (March 21, 2020). "Major data breach exposes database of 200 million users". _TechRadar_. Retrieved March 22, 2020. [...] | Epik | 2021 | 15,000,000 | web | hacked | |
| Ernst & Young | 2006 | 234,000 customers of Hotels.com (after a similar loss of data on 38,000 employees of Ernst & Young clients in February) | | | ( |
| Equifax | 2017 | 143,000,000, including names, date of birth, Social Security numbers, addresses, credit cards, driver's licenses | financial, credit reporting | poor security | ( |
| EssilorLuxottica | 2021 | 77,093,812 | healthcare, retail | hacked | ( |
| Evernote | 2013 | 50,000,000 | web | hacked | ( |
| Evide data breach | 2023 | 1,000 | computer services for charities | ransomware hacked | ( |
| Exactis | 2018 | 340,000,000 | data broker | poor security | ( |
| Excellus BlueCross BlueShield | 2015 | 10,000,000 | healthcare | hacked | ( | [...] 12. ^Chaos Computer Club (2022-02-14). "Chaos Computer Club meldet 6,4 Millionen Datensätze in über 50 Leaks" (in German). Retrieved 2022-02-17.
13. ^
14. ^Sharma, Ankur (2013-10-30). "India's Biggest Data Leak So Far? Covid-19 Test Info of 81.5Cr Citizens With ICMR Up for Sale". _News18.com_. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
15. ^Farrell, Paul (2015-03-30). "Personal details of world leaders accidentally revealed by G20 organisers". _The Guardian_.
16. ^"Australian National University suffers massive data breach dating back 19 years". _9News_. 17 May 2019.
17. ^"Western Sydney University data breach exposed student data". _BleepingComputer_. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
18. ^"Cyber Incident". _Western Sydney University_. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
🟠 Watch 6 Of The Worst Data Breaches in U.S. History | Incognito Mode | WIRED
on US government employees,
people who had undergone background checks
and their families.
At the time, there was a lot of speculation
about what the Chinese military hackers
would do with the data they had stolen.
Some of these included recruiting spies
or even creating fake fingerprints
for bypassing biometric securities,
but it's still a mystery why the hackers wanted the data
and what they might have done with it.
[dramatic music]
Massive personal data breach.
Equifax, the credit monitoring company,
says that social security numbers of 143 million Americans
may have been exposed.
One of the most infamous hacks of all time
is the 2017 breach of Equifax,
a major credit reporting agency.
The attackers had gained unauthorized access
to certain Equifax data files. [...] their utmost priority.
A scathing new report
finds one of the largest data breaches in the US history
was entirely preventable.
The Equifax breach began in May of 2017,
but the company didn't learn about it until July
and it didn't tell the public about it until September.
To make matters worse, there was a patch available
to the vulnerable software the hackers exploited
all the way back in March,
which means Equifax had two months to fix its systems,
which would've prevented the hack.
Investigators found that Equifax
failed to use multifactor authentication
and even used the username and password admin
for one of their portals.
Maybe they should have been reading Wired
to find out why they should not do that.
Equifax's poor security practices [...] to certain Equifax data files.
The hack exposed personal records
of nearly 148 million Americans,
along with roughly 14 million UK citizens
and 19,000 Canadian citizens.
This makes it one of the largest exposures
of personal data in history.
This was a massive breach
affecting most adult consumers in this country.
But what was also exposed
was Equifax's really poor security practices.
Just to give you a sense of what Equifax is,
it's one of the top three major credit reporting bureaus.
It operates in 24 countries,
and it has an annual revenue of around $5 billion.
Given that the company handles extremely sensitive data,
like your social security number
and even issues credit scores,
you would think that security would be
their utmost priority.
A scathing new report
🟠 Critical and Exploitable Vulnerabilities Report - Tenable.io Report | Tenable®
Critical and exploitable vulnerabilities create gaps in the network's integrity, which attackers can take advantage of to gain access to the network. Once inside the network, an attacker can perform malicious attacks, steal sensitive data, and cause significant damage to critical systems. By identifying the most severe vulnerabilities, analysts and security teams can better focus patch management efforts and better protect the network, thereby reducing the organization’s Cyber Exposure gap. [...] The CVSS is a method to define and characterize the severity of a vulnerability. Vulnerabilities are scored on a scale of 0 to 10, with a score of 10 considered to be the most severe. Vulnerabilities with a CVSS base score of 10 have a severity level of critical. In addition to specifying the severity of a vulnerability, industry sources are checked to determine if a publically-known exploit for the vulnerability exists. [...] This report provides information on critical and exploitable vulnerabilities that have been detected on the network. The report utilizes data such as the CVSS base score and information from exploit frameworks including Metasploit, Core Impact, Canvas, Elliot, and ExploitHub to accurately represent and communicate cyber risk to the business unit.
The report presents a cumulative view of the data to provide an analyst with a comprehensive understanding of the discovered critical and exploitable vulnerabilities. Using various visual aids, the report displays the data in an easy to understand manner. The information from this report will enable analysts to discover assets, measure the attack surface, prioritize, and remediate critical and exploitable vulnerabilities in a timely manner.
🟠 A Guide to Critical CVE Vulnerabilities Analysis
## Key Takeaways
## What Makes a CVE “Critical”?
When a vulnerability gets labeled “critical,” it’s a signal for security teams to pay immediate attention. But what exactly does that label mean? A critical designation isn’t just a gut feeling; it’s based on a standardized scoring system designed to give everyone a common language for discussing security weaknesses.
This system provides a solid baseline, but a high score doesn’t always translate to high risk for your specific environment. Understanding how these vulnerabilities are defined, scored, and assessed is the first step toward moving from a reactive checklist approach to a proactive, risk-based strategy. Let’s break down the components that determine a CVE’s severity.
### Defining a Critical Vulnerability [...] Attackers don’t care about your CVSS scores. They care about finding a path into your network. That path might not be a single, glaring “critical” vulnerability. Often, it’s a chain of lower-severity weaknesses on overlooked assets that, when combined, give them the keys to the kingdom. This is why a one-dimensional critical CVE vulnerabilities analysis that stops at the score is no longer enough to keep you safe. To build a resilient defense, you have to think like your adversary. You need to understand your full attack surface, identify potential attack paths, and prioritize the exposures that truly threaten your most valuable assets. This article will show you how to adopt an attacker’s mindset to transform your vulnerability management program into a proactive threat-hunting [...] ### Breaking Down CVSS Scoring
So, how does a CVE get its severity rating? That’s where the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) comes in. CVSS is an open framework used to rate the severity of a security vulnerability, providing a numerical score from 0 to 10. This is often what people refer to as the “CVE score.”
The current version, CVSS v3.1, categorizes these scores into clear severity levels:
A “critical” vulnerability is one that scores in that top 9.0–10.0 range, indicating it could be easily exploited and have a severe impact on an organization’s systems.
### Frameworks for Assessing Impact
🟠 [PDF] A Cyberattack on the U.S. Power Grid - Council on Foreign Relations
a blackout covering fifteen states and the District of Columbia, leaving ninety-three million people without power. Other experts have concluded that an attack on the system for transmitting power from generation to end consumers would have devastating consequences. In one scenario, disruption of just nine transformers could cause widespread outages. Many experts are now also concerned that smart grid technologies, which use the internet to connect to power meters and appliances, could allow an attacker to take over thousands—if not millions—of unprotected devices, preventing power from being delivered to end users. Regardless of which part of the power grid is targeted, attackers would need to conduct extensive research, gain initial access to utility business networks (likely through [...] 68th Street, New York, NY 10065. 1 A Cyberattack on the U.S. Power Grid I N T R O D U C T I O N The U.S. power grid has long been considered a logical target for a major cyberattack. Besides the in-trinsic importance of the power grid to a functioning U.S. society, all sixteen sectors of the U.S. econ-omy deemed to make up the nation’s critical infrastructure rely on electricity. Disabling or otherwise interfering with the power grid in a significant way could thus seriously harm the United States. Carrying out a cyberattack that successfully disrupts grid operations would be extremely difficult but not impossible. Such an attack would require months of planning, significant resources, and a team with a broad range of expertise. Although cyberattacks by terrorist and criminal [...] expertise. Although cyberattacks by terrorist and criminal organizations cannot be ruled out, the capabilities necessary to mount a major operation against the U.S. power grid make potential state adversaries the principal threat. Attacks on power grids are no longer a theoretical concern. In 2015, an attacker took down parts of a power grid in Ukraine. Although attribution was not definitive, geopolitical circumstances and fo-rensic evidence suggest Russian involvement. A year later, Russian hackers targeted a transmission level substation, blacking out part of Kiev. In 2014, Admiral Michael Rogers, director of the National Security Agency, testified before the U.S. Congress that China and a few other countries likely had the capability to shut down the U.S. power grid. Iran, as an
🟡 Recent Cyber Attacks on US Infrastructure Underscore Vulnerability of Critical US Systems, November 2023–April 2024
purported US energy company.
• On 18 January 2024, the group accessed control systems at two
Texas water facilities and tampered with their water pumps and
alarms, causing water to run past designated shutoff levels and
overfill storage tanks.
• On 23 and 27 November 2023, the group also claimed
on its public Telegram channel that it had attacked two
US dairy systems.
Methodology Note : This graphic presents CTIIC’s dataset that captures cyber
attacks on ICS from 23 November 2023 through 22 April 2024. We excluded
ransomware attacks on critical infrastructure entities.
REPORTED CYBER ATTACKS ON US ICS, 23 NOVEMBER 2023 THROUGH 22 APRIL 2024
CYBER ACTORS
Cyber Av3ngers Total Attacks: 29
Pro-Russia Hacktivist Total Attacks: 7 [...] Recent Cyber Attacks on US Infrastructure Underscore Vulnerability of Critical US Systems, November 2023–April 2024 .CTIIC | JUN e 2024
Iran-affiliated and pro-Russia cyber actors gained access to and
in some cases have manipulated critical US industrial control
systems (ICS) in the food and agriculture, healthcare, and water and
wastewater sectors in late 2023 and 2024. These attacks highlight
a potential public safety threat and an avenue for malicious
cyber actors to cause physical damage and deny critical services.
Outdated software, poor password security, the use of default
credentials, and limited resources for system updates render
ICS devices vulnerable to compromise, as they are commonly
connected to corporate IT networks and increasingly to the
🟡 Qualys Top 20 Most Exploited Vulnerabilities
CVE-2021-26084 is a critical vulnerability in Atlassian’s Confluence Server and Data Center, specifically within the Webwork OGNL component. This vulnerability can enable an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code on a Confluence Server or Data Center instance, potentially compromising system integrity.
TruRisk Dashboard
The Qualys VMDR helps organizations get instant visibility into high-risk and top twenty vulnerabilities.
Image 5
Fig 3. Qualys VMDR TruRisk Dashboard for Top 20 Vulnerabilities [...] Vulnerability Trending Over Years: 2023 (10 times)
It was exploited by 66 Malware, 3 Threat Actors, and 42 Ransomware and was trending in the wild as recently as July 26, 2023.
Qualys Vulnerability Detection (QID): 119956
CVE-2012-0507 is a critical vulnerability in the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) allowing untrusted Java applets to execute arbitrary code outside the Java sandbox. Originating from a flaw in the AtomicReferenceArray class implementation, this vulnerability was exploited by Flashback Trojan in 2012. It was observed to have led to one of the most significant known malware attacks on Apple devices. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability by tricking users into visiting a malicious website hosting a Java applet. [...] It was exploited by 21 Malware, 10 Threat Actors, and 7 Ransomware and was trending in the wild as recently as September 4, 2023.
Qualys Vulnerability Detection (QID): 91447
CVE-2018-8174 is a critical vulnerability in Microsoft Windows’ VBScript Engine, enabling remote code execution. Triggered by viewing a malicious website with Internet Explorer or opening a rigged Microsoft Office document, this flaw allows an attacker to manipulate memory objects and execute code.
The attacker can fully control the system if the user has administrative rights.
### 13. CVE-2013-0074: Microsoft Silverlight Could Allow Remote Code Execution
Vulnerability Trending Over Years_:_2023 (8 times)
It was exploited by 62 Malware 50 Ransomware and was trending in the wild as recently as August 20, 2023.
🟡 Newest CVEs - Tenable
| CVE-2026-6264 | A critical vulnerability in the Talend JobServer and Talend Runtime allows unauthenticated remote code execution via the JMX monitoring port. The attack vector is the JMX monitoring port of the Talend JobServer. The vulnerability can be mitigated for the Talend JobServer by requiring TLS client authentication for the monitoring port; however, the patch must be applied for full mitigation. For Talend ESB Runtime, the vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the JobServer JMX monitoring port, which is disabled by default from the R2024-07-RT patch. | ###### critical | 2026-04-14 |
🟡 Cyberattack on the power grid: what would happen? | Prysmian
Imagine this scenario: a meticulously orchestrated cyberattack on our electricity distribution networks. The attack penetrates the digital control systems of our smart grids, sabotaging them from the inside. Suddenly, the lights go out and everything stops working. There would be chaos!
The impact of such an event would be significant and would impact various aspects of society. Firstly, a cyberattack could cause blackouts or fluctuations in the electricity supply, affecting millions of customers and disrupting their daily activities. [...] ## Cyberattack on the power grid: what would happen?
Have you ever stopped to think about how important electricity is in our daily lives? It powers everything, from our mobile phones to our refrigerators. This shows how, even if we do not realise it, electricity distribution networks are the backbone of our modern society: not only do they reliably and efficiently transport electricity to our homes, businesses, hospitals and industries, but they also support the integration of renewable energy sources, with positive impacts for the mitigation of climate change.
Despite their central role, our networks are often taken for granted. [...] However, there is a dangerous threat that jeopardises our digital age: cyberattacks. Hackers have already shown that they can plunge thousands of people into darkness, which is why it is crucial to improve the cybersecurity of our power grids. But what if they manage to bypass cybersecurity measures?
## What would happen if there were a cyberattack on our power grids?
While physical infrastructures have always been vulnerable to natural disasters and physical assaults, the digital realm has introduced a whole new range of threats.
🟡 Cyberattack on Poland’s power grid hit around 30 facilities, new report says | The Record from Recorded Future News
In a report published on Tuesday, Dragos said that while Poland’s electricity transmission system — the backbone of the grid — was not affected and power supplies remained uninterrupted, the attackers had a measurable impact.
“While the attack did not result in power outages, adversaries gained access to operational technology systems critical to grid operations and disabled key equipment beyond repair at the site,” researchers said.
The attack specifically affected communication and control systems at combined heat and power facilities, as well as systems managing the dispatch of renewable energy from wind and solar sites. While a loss of communications does not automatically shut down power equipment, it prevents operators from remotely monitoring or controlling systems. [...] “What remains unclear is whether the hackers attempted to issue operational commands to this equipment or focused solely on disabling communications,” the researchers said.
Taking control of the systems compromised in this attack requires capabilities “beyond simply understanding their technical flaws,” Dragos added, noting that such attacks demand detailed knowledge of how the systems are implemented.
Unlike previous grid attacks that focused on centralized infrastructure, distributed energy systems are more numerous, rely heavily on remote connectivity and often receive less cybersecurity investment. “This attack demonstrates they are now a valid target for sophisticated adversaries,” the researchers said. [...] Cyber Security News | The Record
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# Cyberattack on Poland’s power grid hit around 30 facilities, new report says
A coordinated cyberattack that targeted Poland’s power grid in late December compromised control and communications systems at around 30 facilities linked to distributed energy generation, according to new findings from cybersecurity firm Dragos.
Polish officials had previously said the incident — attributed by researchers to the Russian hacking group Sandworm — was thwarted before it caused a power outage, cutting electricity to as many as half a million residents.
🟢
Analysis of Top 11 Cyber Attacks on Critical Infrastructure | ISTARI
Iranian Cyber Attack on New York Dam: Iranian state-backed attackers breached the SCADA systems of the Bowman Dam in New York. Fortunately, the attackers were able to access only a small sluice gate, but expertly controlled the SCADA controllers. Keeping the SCADA controller strictly separate from the internet would have made it more difficult for the attackers.
Unnamed American Water Authority: This attack unfolded in unexpected ways. Instead of disrupting the water supply (or changing the chlorine levels), attackers used the cellular routers to raise the cellular data bills from $300 monthly to $50,000 over a two-month period. [...] Given the high stakes, let’s look at 11 of the top cyberattacks on critical infrastructure and learn what could have prevented them. [...] Colonial Oil Pipeline: The ransomware attack on the Colonial Oil Pipeline forced the company to shut down its network, leaving much of the US’s East Coast without gas and raising prices nationwide. The company was forced to pay the hackers $5m in cryptocurrency. Possible causes of the attack include an employee falling for a phishing scam or an unpatched vulnerability.
🟢
Critical Vulnerability | Expedition 33 Wiki
Critical Vulnerability is a Pictos in Clair Obscur Expedition 33. Pictos are equipped by Characters to acquire passive bonuses and learn a Lumina, Pictos with a Grey icon represent Pictos for which a Lumina can be learned, while a Blue icon and Golden border represents Pictos for which the Lumina has already been learned. Each character can have 3 Pictos equipped at a time, and there are no other requirements for equipping Pictos. However, characters cannot equip the same Pictos at the same time.
### Where to Find Critical Vulnerability Pictos in Clair Obscur Expedition 33 [...] | | | |
---
| Location | Level | Description |
| The Continent | 9 | The Critical Vulnerability Pictos can be found by a camp surrounded by enemies in an alcove to the northwest of Falling Leaves. [See Expedition 33 Map] |
### Clair Obscur Expedition 33 Critical Vulnerability Pictos Information
Passive Bonuses: Defense, Speed
Luminas Effect: 25% increased Critical Chance on Defenceless enemies.
Lumina Points Cost: 5
### Critical Vulnerability Pictos Notes & Tips for Clair Obscur: Expedition 33 [...] FextraLife Logo
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# Critical Vulnerability | Expedition 33 Wiki
| Critical Vulnerability |
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| Critical Vulnerability Passive Bonuses Defense, Speed Critical Vulnerability Luminas 25% increased Critical Chance on Defenceless enemies. |
🟢
Electrical grid security in the United States - Wikipedia
As of 2006, over 200,000 miles of transmission lines that are 230 kV or higher existed in the United States. The main problem is that it is impossible to secure the whole system from terrorist attacks. The scenario of such a terrorist attack, however, would be minimal because it would only disrupt a small portion of the overall grid. For example, an attack that destroys a regional transmission tower would only have a temporary impact. The modern-day electric grid system is capable of restoring equipment that is damaged by natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, ice storms, and earthquakes in a generally short period of time. This is due to the resiliency of the national grid to such events. "It would be difficult for even a well-organized large group of terrorists to cause the [...] In the 2010s and 2020s, attacks to the United States electrical grid have become more frequent, with 2022 being the year with the most attacks. Since 2014, vandalism and confirmed or suspected physical attacks on electrical grid infrastructure have also been the second-largest cause of electrical disturbance events.
In 2012, the National Research Council "National Research Council (United States)") of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine published a declassified report prepared in 2007 for the Department of Homeland Security that highlighted the vulnerability of the national electric grid from damage to high voltage transformers. [...] #### Metcalf, California
| Electrical grid security in the United States | |
--- |
| CCTV footage (attacks begin around 1:54) | |
| Location | 37°13′14″N 121°44′38″W / 37.2205°N 121.7439°W / 37.2205; -121.7439 Coyote, California, US |
| Date | April 16, 2013 (2013-04-16) 12:58 – 1:50 a.m. (PDT) |
| Target | PG&E Metcalf Transmission Substation |
| Attack type | Sabotage |
| Weapons | 7.62×39mm rifles |
| Deaths | 0 |
| Injured | 0 |
| Victims | PG&E, AT&T |
🟢
Grid Security – KLRD
While few of these attacks have had an impact on the grid, the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) reported that points of susceptibility continue to increase as the grid expands and incorporates new technologies—with the number of susceptible points increasing by approximately 60 per day. With these ever-increasing vulnerabilities, coupled with the outdated software that many utilities use, a coordinated attack could be devastating to the power grid and the essential services it supports.
Regulating Authority
Technologie & Société
RED
🔴 [PDF] Infrastructure and Structural Failures - Seattle.gov
in Atlanta in 2017 and the sinking Millennium Tower in San Francisco, highlight aging and vulnerable infrastructure across the United States. This chapter encompasses infrastructure failures that can rise to the level of a disaster: bridge collapse, building collapse, crane collapse, dam failure, main breaks, pipeline failure, steam pipe explosions, industrial system failure, accidents at nuclear plants, and similar events. Because power failures are especially complex, they are covered in the power outage chapter. Most complex infrastructure is now controlled with computer systems (called supervisory control and data acquisition or SCADA systems). While SCADA system failure is a type of infrastructure failure, it is covered in detail in the cyber-attack and disruption chapter. Problems [...] • Infrastructure can be damaged during construction, such as a contractor breaking a water main; or fail after construction due to a design flaw, such as the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940. • Occasionally, our understanding of a threat to infrastructure becomes clear only after we build it. This has occurred with many bridges built in the early 20th century before Seattle was aware of its earthquake risk. Context On May 23, 2013, the I-5 Skagit River Bridge collapsed in Mount Vernon, Washington. Fortunately, there were no fatalities, but traffic on the busiest freeway in the state had to be rerouted for weeks.459 This bridge collapse, along with other recent infrastructure incidents, such as the I-85 bridge collapse in Atlanta in 2017 and the sinking Millennium Tower in San [...] and transit enhancement.463 History The Seattle region has experienced some large failures, but none included major loss of life. This is a list of the major infrastructure failures in Seattle. November 7, 1940. Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapse. One of the most famous infrastructure failures in the world occurred when a 42-mph wind caused the bridge to twist until its cables snapped. There were no casualties. November 11, 1957. Sinkhole. A sewer line tunnel built in 1909-10 collapsed, causing a massive sinkhole under Ravenna Boulevard. Ten families had to be evacuated. The system took two years to repair and cost $16 million (in 2013 dollars). February 25, 1987. Husky Stadium Collapse. An addition to the northern deck collapsed during construction. The cause was the premature removal of six
🔴 Infrastructure Failures - Emergency Management | seattle.gov
Infrastructure can be damaged during construction, such as a contractor breaking a water main; or fail after construction due to a design flaw, such as the collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940.
Occasionally, our understanding of a threat to infrastructure becomes clear only after we build it. This has occurred with many bridges built in the early 20th century before Seattle was aware of its earthquake risk. [...] Infrastructure is the network of structures, utilities, and facilities that supply and support our basic needs for mobility, power, water, sewer, and communications.
This chapter covers large, complex infrastructure failures that are not triggered by some other hazard (e.g., an earthquake). Failures to digital and communications infrastructure is discussed in the cyber-attack and disruption chapter.
The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) gives the infrastructure of the United States an overall D+ grade and estimates it will cost $2 trillion to fix. The ASCE gives Washington a C grade, with the main concerns being roads and mass transit.
🔴 Seven of the Deadliest Infrastructure Failures Throughout History
The Bangladesh police filed murder charges against 41 people accused of involvement in the collapse. The owner of the plaza received a three-year jail sentence in 2017 related to corruption charges, the BBC reported.
The disaster revived international attention to labor conditions in Bangladesh.
Other WRAL Top Stories
Here is a look at historical infrastructure collapses — including bridges, buildings and dams — that have killed thousands since the early 20th century. Each disaster resulted in investigations into whether the structure was built properly.
1907: Quebec Bridge Collapses, and Not for the Last Time [...] 1981: Hotel Walkways Collapse in Kansas City
At the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, guests were attending a weekly “tea dance” in July 1981 when a walkway above them began to buckle.
The topmost walkway, suspended from the ceiling of the lobby’s atrium by steel rods, collapsed on another two stories under, crushing people standing below. One guest said it sounded like a clap of lightning.
More than 100 people died in the collapse, making it one of the deadliest structural collapses in U.S. history.
Later, reports emerged that the walkways had been swaying to the rhythm of the dancers before they failed. Investigators later reported that the walkways had design problems and could support only about one-quarter of the load required by the city’s building code. [...] 2007: Bridge Over Minnesota Interstate Collapses
An interstate highway bridge crowded with rush-hour traffic dropped into the Mississippi River in August 2007, sending at least 50 vehicles plunging into the water. The disaster killed 13 people.
The eight-lane bridge, built in the 1960s, was the main north-south route through Minneapolis and was being repaired at the time of the collapse.
Investigators later determined that the bridge failed because of a design flaw that was exacerbated as construction workers added more weight to the structure with concrete, adding strain to a weak spot.
2013: Bangladesh Clothing Factory Reduced to Rubble
🔴 5 of America's most destructive infrastructure failures
## I-35W Mississippi River Bridge collapse
On Aug. 1, 2007, one of the busiest arteries of Minneapolis, the I-35W Mississippi River Bridge, collapsed during rush hour.
Over 50 vehicles, including a school bus, plunged into the river and rail yard below.
Thirteen people were killed and nearly 150 people were injured.
Prior to the collapse, the bridge was classified as “structurally deficient” and “fracture critical.”
The National Transportation Safety Board determined a design flaw caused the collapse. Investigators found the bridge’s gusset plates were not thick enough to hold the bridge’s steel beams together.
The aftermath led to an effort by the government to improve bridge conditions, including an increase in government funding.
## Hyatt Regency walkway collapse [...] ## Hyatt Regency walkway collapse
In July 1981, two suspended walkways collapsed inside the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City during a crowded tea dance.
114 people were killed and more than 200 were injured. The collapse is considered one of the deadliest structural failures in American history.
Investigators found the skywalks were under-designed and did not meet city code. As a result, the architect and head engineer lost their licenses. No criminal charges were filed. The owner of the hotel paid victims' families around $140 million in damages.
Since then, building codes, engineering and architectural standards have significantly changed, emphasizing a more rigorous review process for design changes. [...] WDSU logo
Roughly one year ago, on March 26, 2024, the Baltimore community was forever changed after a container ship crashed into the Francis Scott Key Bridge, causing it to collapse into the Patapsco river.
Two people were rescued, but six members of a construction crew working on the bridge were killed in the collapse.
Millions of dollars were lost while the waterway was closed and more than a billion dollars will be spent to rebuild.
What has America learned from past disasters?
## Tacoma Bridge collapse
In November of 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington collapsed when high winds caused the bridge to sway, twist and tear itself apart.
Luckily, there were no injuries.
🟠 Confrontation géoéconomique : risque n°1 mondial selon le WEF pour 2026
Le Forum Économique Mondial classe la confrontation géoéconomique comme le risque n°1 en 2026 (18% des répondants), devant les conflits armés (14%). 50% des sondés anticipent un monde « turbulent ou orageux » dans les 2 ans.
🟠 Power grid issues are the leading cause of blackouts - Zero Carbon Analytics
Equipment failure: Ageing infrastructure in transmission or distribution networks, faulty components like transformers, generators, and circuit breakers, and material fatigue – when materials crack and eventually fail from repeated stress – can all lead to system failures. This is often exacerbated by underinvestment in maintenance and upgrades.
Grid overload/instability: When electricity demand suddenly exceeds the available supply or the grid’s capacity, it can lead to cascading failures as parts of the system automatically disconnect themselves from the grid – known as tripping – to prevent equipment damage. This can be caused by high demand, like during heat waves, or unexpected loss of generation. [...] Of this selection, the most common initial causes are:
Infrastructure failure, often faults in transmission lines.
Human error, including failure to implement protection standards or to inform other system actors of changes in operating conditions.
Extreme weather, often damaging infrastructure or preventing it from working properly.
#### Table 1
### Upgrading the grid can prevent blackouts and support renewables
Variable renewables have often been erroneously blamed for blackouts, including in relation to the recent Iberian Peninsula event. However, as can be seen in Table 1, blackouts are overwhelmingly driven by failures in network infrastructure, with the resulting grid disruption driving all types of power plants offline. [...] Electricity systems are complex networks where a failure in one component can lead to a cascade of failures elsewhere, resulting in widespread blackouts. These blackouts can have severe impacts on all aspects of society and the economy.
Blackouts are typically caused by a combination of interrelated factors, rather than a single event. Common causes include equipment failure – often due to ageing infrastructure and underinvestment – grid overload, human error, cyberattacks, fuel supply issues, and natural disasters or extreme weather.
While power generators have sometimes been blamed for blackouts, the 20 major blackouts described in this briefing are overwhelmingly driven by failures in network infrastructure, human error or severe weather.
🟠 Power outage - Wikipedia
There are many causes of power failures in an electricity network. Examples of these causes include faults at power stations, damage to electric transmission lines, substations or other parts of the distribution system, a short circuit, cascading failure, fuse "Fuse (electrical)") or circuit breaker operation. [...] cascading failures. These initial disturbances causing blackouts are all the more unexpected and unavoidable due to actions of the power suppliers to prevent obvious disturbances (cutting back trees, separating lines in windy areas, replacing aging components etc.). The complexity of most power grids often makes the initial cause of a blackout extremely hard to identify. [...] for various reasons, including severe weather conditions (e.g. storms, hurricanes, or blizzards), earthquakes, equipment failure, or grid overload.
🟠 What Causes Power Outages? Common Causes | PowerSecure
## Aging Infrastructure, System Demand and Capacity Strain
Although equipment is designed for decades of operation, materials still degrade over time. Corrosion, insulation breakdown and mechanical fatigue all increase the risk of equipment failure power outage.
These issues represent a subset of broader infrastructure failures. Careful maintenance of electrical systems is central to grid reliability; maintenance programs help identify high-risk assets and proactive replacement cycles reduce exposure.
### How does high electricity demand affect reliability?
Rising demand from population growth, electrification and data center expansion places additional strain on circuits and substations. During peak demand, transformers operate near capacity and reserve margins tighten. [...] When a power line experiences a fault, protective relays isolate that segment to prevent a broader electrical system failure. That isolation is intentional, as it limits equipment damage and protects public safety, even though customers downstream lose service until repairs are complete.
Utilities also use operational tools such as load shedding under extreme stress. In some cases, this appears as rolling blackouts, where power is rotated among service areas to reduce stress on the system.
## Severe Weather and Environmental Events [...] Still, predicting the exact time and location of a fault remains difficult. A falling branch, a vehicle accident or a sudden temperature spike can shift conditions swiftly. In some cases, outages result from multiple contributing factors occurring together rather than a single isolated issue.
### Why do outages affect some areas more than others?
Outages affect areas differently since grid design varies by region. A distribution system failure on a radial circuit may interrupt a few thousand customers, while transmission line damage on a major corridor can affect a much larger area. Circuit configuration, available backup feeds, terrain, weather severity, and vegetation density all shape the outage footprint.
🟠 Odown Blog | Network Outages Explained: Causes, Impacts, and Prevention Strategies
## Table of Contents
1. What is a Network Outage?
2. Types of Network Outages
3. Common Causes of Network Outages
4. The Impact of Network Outages
5. Detecting and Diagnosing Network Outages
6. Prevention Strategies
7. Responding to Network Outages
8. The Role of Monitoring in Outage Prevention
9. Future Trends in Network Resilience
10. Conclusion
## What is a Network Outage?
A network outage occurs when a portion of a network infrastructure becomes unavailable, preventing normal communication between devices or systems. This disruption can range from a localized issue affecting a single device to a widespread failure impacting entire regions or global services.
Network outages can manifest in various ways:
Complete loss of connectivity
Intermittent connection issues [...] ### Operational Disruptions
Businesses heavily reliant on network connectivity face severe operational challenges:
Halted production lines
Interrupted supply chains
Inability to process transactions or serve customers
### Regulatory and Compliance Issues
Certain industries may face regulatory consequences due to outages:
Violations of uptime requirements in regulated sectors
Failure to meet data protection standards
Potential legal liabilities
### Employee Productivity and Morale
Frequent or prolonged outages can affect the workforce:
Frustration and stress among employees
Reduced efficiency and productivity
Potential for errors during recovery processes
### Customer Experience
End-users bear the brunt of network outages:
Inability to access essential services [...] Intermittent connection issues
Significant performance degradation
Inability to access specific services or resources
For developers, network outages present unique challenges, as they can affect both the development process and the end-user experience of the applications they create.
## Types of Network Outages
Understanding the different types of network outages is essential for effective troubleshooting and prevention. Here are the primary categories:
### 1. Total Outages
A total outage results in a complete loss of network connectivity. During a total outage:
No data can be transmitted or received
All network-dependent services become inaccessible
The impact is usually immediate and severe
### 2. Partial Outages
🟠 [PDF] Social Unrest - Seattle.gov
Seattle Office of Emergency Management Seattle Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis Social Unrest Key Points Social unrest includes civil disorders, acts of mass civil disobedience and strikes differ in their legality, morality and tactics (especially the use or avoidance of violence), but all are acts by groups of people that are intended to disrupt a community or organization. Civil disorder is a public disturbance by a group or groups of people involving acts of violence that cause immediate danger, damage or injury to others or their property. They are often but not always politically motivated. They are both illegal and violent. Civil disorders can be divided into two rough categories: those in which the perpetrators deliberately set out to harm others (e.g., a lynch [...] are the most common crimes in Seattle’s civil disorders. Rock-throwing, sniping and other severe personal assaults have not been common in Seattle disorders, but they have occurred. They are not expected to be frequent threats in the future. Reputation damage has been a major impact to some areas hit by civil disorders, but Seattle has not seen major, lasting reputation damage. Context Social unrest includes a wide range of activities from violent to peaceful, legal to illegal, criminal to principled and highly planned to completely spontaneous. With such as diversity, it seems impossible to generalize about them as a class of activities. What they share is an effort by a group of people to disrupt the community. Sometimes violence against people and property is added. This section [...] cause major fire that burns commercial buildings and an apartment complex. Seattle Office of Emergency Management Seattle Hazard Identification and Vulnerability Analysis Maximum Credible Scenario Unforeseen political or social conflict raises tensions between social groups to an unprecedented level. An event triggers a flood of anger directed at one of these groups. The larger groups attack the smaller groups in a deliberate manner to terrorize them and drive them out of the area. Government intervenes to prevent widespread violence. Houses, businesses and gathering places are firebombed. Casualties are high due to the deliberate and premeditated targeting of people. There is no evidence to suggest any specific groups that would be party to this scenario and it does not speculate.
🟠 The Economics of Social Unrest - IMF F&D
To address these shortcomings, we constructed the
Reported Social Unrest Index, based on press coverage of social unrest (Barrett and others 2020). This
provides a consistent, monthly measure of social unrest for 130 countries
from 1985 to the present. Spikes in the index line up very closely with
narrative descriptions of disorder in a variety of case studies, suggesting
that the index captures real events rather than shifts in media sentiment
or attention. Several pieces of IMF research, discussed further in this
article, have since used this measure to analyze the causes and
consequences of unrest. [...] ###### Measuring unrest
A key challenge when researching social unrest—defined as protests, riots,
and other forms of civil disorder and conflict—is identifying when such
events have occurred. Although sources of information are available, many
are sporadic or are inconsistent in their coverage. [...] ###### Unrest and pandemics
It is also timely to note that history is replete with examples of
epidemics subverting social order and ultimately causing social unrest—the
Plague of Justinian, the Black Death, and the 1830s cholera pandemic, to
name just a few. One possible reason is that an epidemic can reveal or
aggravate preexisting fault lines in society, such as inadequate social
safety nets or a perception of government incompetence. It can also lead to
a widening divide among different ethnic or religious groups or economic
classes. Consistent with this notion of the social scarring effect of
epidemics, we find that
countries with more frequent and severe epidemics also experienced more
unrest on average
(Barrett and Chen 2021a).
🟠 Social Unrest | School of Public Affairs | American University
# Understanding Social Unrest
Roots of the Riots Project
Social unrest has become a major topic in the United States. At MPC we are bringing together American University scholars from different disciplinary backgrounds to address civil-discord determinants and their consequences. We must better understand the comprehensive set of historic and contemporary circumstances fueling modern-day frustrations so that pragmatic policy solutions can be crafted to minimize discontent and promote democracy.
Michael Bader Headshot
## Michael Bader
#### The Consequences of Urban Crisis [...] Skip to main content
## Social Unrest
# You are here: American University School of Public Affairs Metropolitan Policy Center Social Unrest
Donate
# Contact Us
(202) 885-2440
mpc@american.edu
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Washington, DC 20016
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# Understanding Social Unrest
Roots of the Riots Project [...] Learn more;)
Bradley Hardy Headshot
## Bradley Hardy
#### The Evolution of Black Neighborhoods Since Kerner
Dr. Hardy's research studies the evolution of African American neighborhoods since the Kerner Commission issued their groundbreaking report on the causes of the rioting and social unrest that marked the 1960s. He first examines how black neighborhoods evolved in four representative cities —Detroit, Newark, Los Angeles, and Washington, DC — that experienced severe rioting during this period. Neighborhoods directly affected by rioting saw substantial population declines and stagnation of several key neighborhood amenities relative to those that were not directly affected.
Learn more;)
Derek Hyra Headshot
## Derek Hyra
#### Understanding Unrest
🟠 The Three Key Political and Social Risks in 2026 | Coface
In Asian countries, protests and social unrest are on the rise:
The Coface indicator ranks Iran as the second most politically and socially fragile country in the world in 2025 (86%, behind Sudan), a level that reflects the accumulation of internal tensions and the regime's inability to meet the expectations of a young, precarious and increasingly mobilised population.
said Anna Farrugia, Coface economist.
In many advanced economies, social unrest is also gaining ground, with the EU-Mercosur free trade agreement causing significant tensions. [...] The electoral risk is not only related to the results, but also to the uncertainty and polarisation they generate. In this context, political changes of direction can affect trade agreements, industrial policies and budgetary decisions, forcing companies to consider these shifts.
Ruben Nizard, Head of Sector Research and Political Risk Analysis at Coface.
## Risk #2 – When social unrest challenges the powers that be to the test
In 2026, young people and populations worn down by successive crises could once again be the driving force behind social mobilisation. Data from the Coface political and social risk index reveals an increase in the risk of political and social fragility in countries where young people play a major role in protests.
🟠 Civil Unrest (SO0103) | UNDRR
UNDRR Logo
1. Home
2. Sendai Framework Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction
# Civil Unrest
Unique identifier / Notation
SO0103
Synonyms
Terms often used as synonyms include: Social unrest Civil disorder Civil disobedience Violent disorder Civil disturbance Although this is not uniform as definitions and meanings vary depending on user group
Definition
Civil unrest is an umbrella term for a wide spectrum of social and/or political phenomena, and although there is no commonly agreed definition, the term is used widely among United Nations agencies, funds and programmes. [...] Civil unrest in contemporary society, in much of the world, is reported to be evolving rapidly, likely contributing to current trends and having important implications for the direction of the trends going into the future. Rapid shifts that may be relevant to social and population health include the increasing ageing population, widespread adoption of remote working, increased automation, economic strain and inequity, migration and mobility, mental health crisis among youth, rise in xenophobia, civil and political unrest, and environmental crises, all of which may potentially exacerbate trends concerning social connection. These trends of declining social connection, combined with the evidence on the bidirectional associations with mental and physical morbidities, point to an urgent need [...] Civil unrest is generally understood to include violent and non-violent group acts such as riots, protests, and isolated and sporadic acts of violence (Braha, 2012; Basedau et al., 2018). The perceived or actual motivation for the act is often emphasised when describing collective action as civil unrest, alongside a clash with authority (Ramakrishnan et al., 2014). Frequently cited explanations include tension or dissatisfaction over political, economic or social changes/conditions (Kalyvas, 2000). According to Basedau et al. (2018:5), 'One can conceptualize civil unrest as a special form of collective action and people need to be motivated and able to exert it.' Braha (2012) defined civil unrest as a 'form of collective human dynamics, which has led to major transitions of societies in
🟡 Risque politique mondial : l'indice Coface atteint un point de basculement historique à 41,1%
L'indice de risque politique mondial Coface a atteint 41,1%, un record historique. Cette tendance structurelle est alimentée par les conflits armés et l'instabilité sociale croissante.
🟡 Why Did My Power Go Out? Four Ways the Grid Can Fail and Cause an Outage - Union of Concerned Scientists
#### 1. Distribution failures
Distribution failures are the most common type of power outage, but they usually affect a relatively small area. This type of failure can happen due to many causes – stormy weather that blows a tree branch onto a power line, an adventurous squirrel going into parts of a substation where no squirrel has gone before (and lived to tell the tale), a car crashing into a power pole, a metallic balloon that has escaped the grip of its owner’s hands and touched a power line, the list goes on.
Utility workers repair a downed power line on the distribution system right outside my home. [...] ### What can we do to prevent power outages?
For starters, we should make investments to increase grid resilience to prevent power outages from happening in the first place. Since transmission and distribution failures are the most common causes of power outages, we should take measures to harden transmission and distribution infrastructure to reduce the risk of these failures. Furthermore, we should also deploy distributed energy resources and microgrids that can reduce reliance on the transmission and distribution systems.
Distributed energy resources, such as residential solar, can reduce reliance on the transmission and distribution system. [...] #### 2. Transmission failures
Transmission failures are much rarer than distribution failures, but when they happen, they can have huge consequences. Many transmission system failures are caused by weather, but this type of outage can also happen due to equipment failure, computer problems, and human error. In 2003, roughly 50 million people in the northeastern United States were left without power when a transmission line made contact with a tree branch. That disturbance spiraled out of control into a massive blackout due in large part to faulty computer systems. This is admittedly an extreme example, and the investigations that followed that incident ultimately led to the creation of new reliability standards designed to prevent similar outages from reoccurring.
🟡 Top 10 Most Common Telecommunication Issues and How to Fix Them
### 3. Network Downtime and Service Interruptions
Unexpected downtime is one of the most costly telecommunication issues for organizations. Whether caused by power outages, ISP failures, or equipment malfunctions, downtime can halt communication entirely. Even short outages can disrupt operations, customer service, and remote access.
How to fix it:
Implement redundancy wherever possible. This includes backup internet connections, failover routers, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). Regular monitoring tools can detect telecommunication failures early, allowing IT teams to respond before full outages occur.
### 4. Compatibility Issues Between Systems
🟡 Is internet down today in United States? Check the real-time outage map
Use the GeoBlackout live outage map to see if others are reporting similar problems or if the network is experiencing disruptions. Issues may include fiber-optic infrastructure failures (e.g., FTTH/FTTP), cable network outages, or temporary slowdowns caused by maintenance or heavy traffic.
Mobile network
Experiencing issues with your mobile service? Check our real-time outage map for reports of network disruptions, including problems with voice calls, text messages, Wi-Fi calling, or data services like 4G, LTE, and 5G.
Our map also tracks interruptions in modern features like VoLTE and eSIM services to help you pinpoint the issue.
TV services
If your TV services are down, it might be due to scheduled maintenance or a fault with your equipment, such as your set-top box. [...] Check the outage map to see if others in your area are reporting similar issues.
## What to do during an outage ?
If you're experiencing an outage, here are some steps to troubleshoot the issue.
#### Restart your equipment
Broadband: Unplug your modem or router, wait 30 seconds, and plug it back in.
Mobile: Power your phone off and on again.
#### Check your connections
Ensure all cables are securely connected for wired or fiber setups.
Verify the status lights on your modem or router; ensure the Wi-Fi indicator is lit and functioning properly.
#### Access online support
Visit your provider’s help center for detailed troubleshooting guides and solutions to common connectivity problems.
#### Contact customer support [...] Internet outagePower outage
1. ...
2. Internet outage
# Is internet down in my area today ?
Discover ongoing outages and current network issues, with real-time updates.
## I have internet outage
Report the outage on the map to check the network status.
Report an outage
Reported outages in the last 24 hours
...
How to track and report outages live
Track the progress of reports through a chart that shows recent problems and a map that locates affected areas. If you encounter an issue, click on the "Report an outage" button to inform the community.
T-MobileFrontierCOXWOW!XfinityAT&TSparklightMediacomCenturyLinkSpectrumGCIVerizonOptimumBrightspeedAstound
## Internet and mobile network outages in the USA
🟢
8 Common Causes of Power Outages and How to Prepare
When demand for power outweighs the available supply, the community could experience a brownout or blackout of the grid. Overburdened power lines, transformers and other equipment can fail due to a surge or being overheated. During heat waves, these components can fail when they begin to melt.
### 7. Equipment Failure
In a related type of power outage, equipment failure can occur when demand outweighs supply. In areas with older electrical infrastructure, aging equipment may suddenly cease to function or may not be able to maintain supplying power in high-demand areas. [...] Even within grids that are well maintained and up-to-date with high-quality equipment, failures can still occur. Problems with the cables, switches, connectors, transformers and other components can eventually lead to outages.
### 8. Planned Outages
Finally, outages can also occur due to planned maintenance. When parts of the grid need to be maintained, such as when components need to be replaced or repaired, utility companies alert customers to a window of time in which power will be unavailable. These planned outages keep both customers and workers safe.
🟢
Mobile Network Failures - Some Causes to Think About - Asentria
## Improving Your Network’s Resilience and Visibility
Network outages are a top factor influencing telecom subscriber’s churn. Mobile network outages occur due to many different reasons, and to some extent, BTS station outages and hardware elements failure are inevitable when operating a network. As these failures frequently result in degradation or complete service interruption, causing operator revenue losses and bad user experience, there are things telecom businesses can do to minimize and understand reduce the impact of failures. [...] ## A Root Cause Analysis of Mobile Site Outages
Telecom networks consist of thousands of different hardware elements of varied types: base stations, servers, routers, modems, switching units, cables, fittings, cooling elements, energy elements, etc. An interestingroot cause analysis of mobile site outage was conducted by Mesfin Geremew and Ephrem Teshale, from Addis Ababa University, using the Bayesian Networks Model. According to Geremew the discovery of the root cause of a problem is a challenge for technicians because the possible relationships between network elements (i.e., base stations, servers, routers, switching units, cables, cooling elements) are not explicitly well defined. Here is one example emphasized in the paper: [...] ## Overview of the Cause of Outages
For mobile operators, there is a level of challenge in identifying the root cause of outages due to investment and operational competence. 21% of operators stated that their company had an excellent ability to understand the cause of outage and degradation. These mobile operators relied on multiple inputs and an automated notification system.
The top three causes of network outages identified by mobile operators were network failures, physical link failures, and network congestion/overloads. Among the specific causes raised in interviews are chip failures in network equipment due to broken air conditioning, board faults in network equipment, damage from theft of site equipment, power outages, and transmission equipment not working.
🟢
Top 3 Biggest Telecom Outages and how to prevent them.
# Top 3 Biggest Telecom Outages and how to prevent them. | by Ramkumar | Medium
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🎯 Recommandations pratiques
- Activez votre plan d'urgence familial et vérifiez vos kits de survie.
- Restez informé via les canaux officiels et évitez les déplacements non essentiels.
- Assurez-vous d'avoir au moins 72h d'eau et de nourriture disponibles.
- Vérifiez vos moyens de communication d'urgence (radio, batteries).
- Identifiez les abris et points de rassemblement dans votre zone.